Дисертація присвячена теоретико-методичному обґрунтуванню та практичному використанню інформаційних та телекомунікаційних технологій в навчанні астрономії в старшій школі та методичній підготовці учителів астрономії до застосування сучасного програмно-педагогічного забезпечення відповідно до вимог реформування астрономічної освіти. Проведено порівняльний аналіз і оцінка сучасних інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій з астрономії і зроблено висновок: запропоновані моделі навчальної діяльності, що використовують інформаційні і телекомунікаційні технології та враховують варіативність і індивідуалізацію астрономічної освіти і спрямовані на розвиток пізнавальної самостійності учнів (інтерактивне моделювання, «On-line лабораторія», комп'ютерні лабораторні роботи, дистанційні уроки). Розроблена і впроваджена відповідна система підвищення кваліфікації учителів фізики й астрономії, спрямована на підготовку до комплексного застосування в процесі навчання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій. При навчанні методам аналізу й оцінки інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій аналізувалися особливості освітнього процесу з застосуванням інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій. Обгрунтована, апробована і впроваджена нова методична система підготовки учнів та учителів фізики і астрономії з використанням інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій, відповідає сучасним вимогам Державного стандарту.
Диссертация посвящена теоретико-методическому обоснованию и практическому использованию информационных и телекоммуникационных технологий в обучении астрономии в старшей школе и методической подготовке учителей астрономии к применению современного программно-педагогического обеспечения соответственно требованиям реформирования астрономического образования. Проведен сравнительный анализ и оценка современных информационно-коммуникационных технологий по астрономии. Предложенны модели учебной деятельности, которые используют информационно-коммуникационные технологии и учитывают вариативность и индивидуализацию астрономического образования и направлены на развитие познавательной самостоятельности учеников (интерактивное моделирование, «On-line лаборатория», компьютерные лабораторные работы, дистанционный урок). Разработанна и введенна соответствующая система повышения квалификации учителей физики и астрономии, направленная на подготовку к комплексному применению в процессе обучения информационных и телекоммуникационных технологий. Рассмотрена система применения телекоммуникационных технологий в обучении астрономии, дистанционному обучению ученикам, предложенная система дистанционного повышения квалификации учителей астрономии.
The dissertation is devoted to a theoretical-methodical substantiation and practical using of information and telecommunication technologies in teaching astronomy at the senior school and methodical preparation of astronomy teachers for application of modem programmed-pedagogical maintenance according to the requirements of physical reforming and astronomical education. The comparative analysis and estimation of modern programmed-pedagogical and telecommunication means in astronomy have been carried out. The analysis of scientific -methodical researches on a problem of cognitive self-indepcndency has revealed, that levels of cognitive self-independency (reproductive, in part - search and research) correspond to the character of cognitive activity of pupils. Didactic requirements to modem software and telecommunication means of teaching have been determined. The analysis of available programmed-pedagogical means in astronomy has allowed to make a conclusion that the creation of a multimedia course in astronomy, which contains the educational interactive models, the training-testing block, integrated with the base of tasks, focused not only for work on a local computer, but also in the local networks, and in the Internet, is an actual problem. It was developed the models of educational activity which are used the information and telecommunication technologies, are taken into account the variability and individualization of the general education and are directed on the development of cognitive independence: 1) interactive modelling, 2) « On-line laboratory on astronomy », 3) remote Olympiads, 4) computer laboratory works, 5) a remote lesson. Methodical recommendations on the independent designing of computer laboratory works with the help of interactive models have been developed. The programmed-pedagogical and telecommunication means in astronomy which provide not only the achievement of high results in training, but also the development of cognitive independence of pupils have been investigated. It was offered the models of educational activity which use the information and telecommunication technologies and take into account the variability and the individualization of astronomical education and are directed on the development of cognitive independence of pupils (interactive modelling, «On-line laboratory », computer laboratory works, a remote lesson). The models of remote lessons, the method of carrying out of the computer laboratory works, methodical recommendations in the information search in the Internet, the program of courses of improvement the qualification of teachers, the method of independent designing of interactive experiments in astronomy with using of telecommunication means of training have been resulted. A special attention is deserved to the description of unique opportunities of the information technologies, the realization of which creates the preconditions for the intensification of the educational process, and also the creation of the methods which are focused on the development of the trained person. Let’s enumerate these opportunities: an immediate feedback between the user and IT; computer visualization of the educational information ... about objects or taws of processes, the phenomena, both really proceeding, and virtual; the archival storage of enough great volumes of the information with an opportunity of its transferring, and also easy access and the reference of the user to the central databank; the automation of the processes of computing, information retrieval activity, and also processing of the results of educational experiment with an opportunity of the repeated recurrence of a fragment or the experiment itself; the automation of processes of information -methodical maintenance, the organizational management of educational activity and the control over the results of mastering. The results of the analysis and the research have been offered to apply in the system of the improvement of professional skill of teachers. The developed and entered corresponding system of improvement of professional skill of teachers of physics and astronomy, is directed on the preparation for the complex application during teaching software and telecommunication means. At training in methods of the analysis and an estimation of programmed-pedagogical means, features of the educational process with the application of information and telecommunication technologies were analyzed. The system of application of telecommunication technologies in teaching astronomy, the remote training of the pupils, the suggested system of remote improvement of professional skill of teachers in astronomy is considered. On the basis of the lead experiment, is proved urgency of a problem of application of the information and telecommunication means in teaching of astronomy. In the future it is expedient to investigate a problem of creation of such programmed-pedagogical and telecommunication means in astronomy which would allow the teacher to design independently models in the integrated modelling environments and the lessons with application of the information technologies, with researching of the influence on the educational process of such newest information technologies as : the using of an electronic board, a group of synchronous videoconferences, electronic textbooks in astronomy with a combination of digital interactive TV, the models in 3 measured schedule, the sound forms of submission of the information with the opportunities of the independent designing of the phenomena and processes, with the development and creation of the educational portals with an opportunity of carrying out the educational asynchronous and synchronous teleconferences in astronomy, the creation of a method of their using for remote teaching. Proved, approved the new methodical system of preparation of pupils and teachers of physics and astronomy with using of the information and telecommunication technologies also is corresponds to the modem requirements of State standard.
