Адаптація дітей 6-ти років до школи є по суті пристосуванням до учнівської праці. Лише 50% першокласників
достатньо успішно пристосовуються до нових умов і вимог протягом півріччя. Виявлено, що рухова функція у переважної
більшості дітей-першокласників є глибоко депривованою за показниками статичної витривалості. Отримані результати
дають можливість виділити адаптацію рухової функції дитини до статичного компоненту навчальної праці як важливу
складову біологічної адаптації організму. Доведено, що показники статичної витривалості м’язів тулуба можуть бути
маркером здоров`язбереження опорно-рухового апарату дітей у початковому періоді шкільного навчання.
Процесс адаптации детей к школе следует рассматривать как сложный механизм
приспособления к учебному труду. В исследовании методом електротензодинамографии изучена годичная динамика
адаптационных процессов двигательной функции детей 6-ти лет через показатели статической выносливости наиболее
сензитивных к учебному труду мышечных групп.
Выявлена выраженная депривация двигательной функции первоклассников.
6-year children’s adaptation to school is essentially an adaptation to pupil’s work. It is a complex, and a multi-component
process. Only 50% of first graders quite successfully adapt to new conditions and requirements during the first half of a term. Others need
more time and efforts for that.
Goal: study and justification of the adaptation process of motor function of 6-year children to training loads as a part of the
biological adaptation.
Material: 26 pupils of 6 years took part in the investigation, who are divided to the first health group and high and middle level of
school maturity, according to the medical investigation. Adaptive processes of motor function during the academic year had been studied in
terms of static strength and endurance of individual muscle groups. The electro-tension-dynamo-graphic method was used for that with the
following analysis obtained by the dynamometer card according to O.O. Yanchevskyi methodology. Static force indicators were counted due
to strength impulse.
Results: It turned out that motor reaction in most of the investigated children is deeply deprivated in terms of static endurance due
to abrupt changes in movement patterns of life and the dominance of the static component of training loads. During the first half of the
academic term the reduce of indicators level of static endurance of muscle groups of the boys’ body was recorded to 22,4% (t=3,9; р<0,001)
– body’s flexors and extensors to 13,1% (t=3,6; р<0,01). The girls’ reduce of static endurance of body’s flexors is 29,7% (t=8,8; р<0,001),
and in body’s extensors is - 15,4% (t=3,3; р<0,001).
So the adaptive changes in motor function in muscle groups are the most sensitive to the impact of training load in terms of static
endurance should be attributed to dis-adaptational type.
It was also established that the third phase of long-term sustainable adaptation of motor function to the static component of
academic work begins only from the second academic semester.
Conclusions: the held investigation fives reasons to differentiate new important component of biological adaptation of 6-year
children’s organism to training loads. This adaptation of the motor function of the child to the static component of academic work has its
chronological stages and features.
Indicators of dynamics and static endurance of different muscle groups (especially the trunk muscles) as opposed to strength
indicators can serve as a marker of health preservation of children’s musculoskeletal system in the initial stage of schooling.
