Моделі фізичного виховання у шкільній освіті США (кінець ХХ - поч. ХХІ ст.)

Abstract

У статті здійсненно комплексний аналіз моделей фізичного виховання популярних у школах США ( кінець ХХ – поч. ХХІ ст.). Встановлено, що впродовж 1991 2020 відбулася трансформація системи фізичного виховання та спорту в США у бік розширення можливостей формування важливих загальнолюдських цінностей в учнів. Широкого розповсюдження у окреслений період отримали такі моделі освіти, як: «Навчання фізичної і соціальної відповідальності завдяки руховій активності», «Навчання ігор для взаєморозуміння», «Спорт, гра і активна рекреація для дітей».

For Ukrainian pedagogy, it is important to analyze the experience of ways to implement the task in US physical education practice, in which sport is one of the integrative means of forming students' universal, social and personal values, and not only a means of increasing motor activity. The purpose a comprehensive analysis of models of physical education popular in US schools (late XX early XXI century.)During 1991-2020, the system of physical education and sports in the United States was transformed in the direction of expanding the opportunities for the formation of important universal values in students. There are many welldeveloped educational models in the country, which are aimed at increasing both physical and technical fitness, students' awareness of the importance of physical activity for health, and the formation of other values (teamwork, leadership, honesty, self-control, etc.). Widespread in the specified period were such models of education as:Teaching Physical and Social Responsibility Through Physical Activity – TPSR, Teaching Games for the Understanding, Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids – SPARK. The main goal of the Teaching Physical and Social Responsibility Through Physical Activity TPSR model is to help adolescents control themselves using the active environment that arises during sports, be responsible for their actions and support others.The main conceptual provisions of the Teaching Games for the Understanding model are learning games through the game; formation of informed performers; the importance of each participant in the game; taking into account the level of skill development and challenges facing participants.The goal of the Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids model is to improve the health of children and adolescents by engaging them in physical activity and using special nutrition programs. The program enables teachers to constantly improve, systematically supports them with information, and provides the necessary equipment.