Методика взаємопов’язаного формування рухових дій і розвитку фізичних якостей молодших школярів у процесі занять з футболу

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена вирішенню проблеми підвищення ефективності навчання футболу молодших школярів. Теоретично підтверджено недостатність реалізації завдань фізичного виховання молодших школярів. Вивчено вікову динаміку суб’єктивного стану здоров’я, фізичного розвитку, фізичної та координаційно-технічної підготовленості учнів початкової школи, які займаються футболом. Визначено факторну структуру фізичної та координаційно-технічної підготовленості хлопчиків 7-9 років у футболі з урахуванням вікових особливостей. Запропоновано критерії оцінювання рівня фізичної та координаційно-технічної підготовленості хлопчиків 7-9 років з футболу. Науково обґрунтовано співвідношення обсягу фізичних навантажень різної спрямованості в процесі фізичної та координаційно-технічної підготовки хлопчиків 7-9 років засобами футболу. Розроблено методику взаємопов’язаного формування рухових дій і розвитку фізичних якостей молодших школярів у процесі занять з футболу. Її зміст побудований за етапами навчання гри у футбол та передбачає поступове формування технічних умінь і навичок відповідно до сенситивних періодів вікового розвитку фізичних якостей та координаційно-технічних можливостей. Експериментально підтверджено ефективність запропонованої методики в умовах секційних занять з футболу у початковій школі.

Диссертация посвящена решению проблемы повышения эффективности обучения футболу младших школьников. Теоретически подтверждена недостаточность реализации задач физического воспитания младших школьников. Изучена возрастная динамика субъективного состояния здоровья, физического развития, физической и координационно-технической подготовленности учащихся начальной школы, которые занимаются футболом. Определена факторная структура физической и координационно-технической подготовленности мальчиков 7-9 лет в футболе с учетом возрастных особенностей. Предложены критерии оценки уровня физической и координационно-технической подготовленности мальчиков 7-9 лет по футболу. Научно обосновано соотношение объема физических нагрузок различной направленности в процессе физической и координационно-технической подготовки мальчиков 7-9 лет средствами футбола. Разработана методика взаимосвязанного формирования двигательных действий и развития физических качеств младших школьников в процессе занятий по футболу. Ее содержание построено по этапам обучения игры в футбол и предусматривает постепенное формирование технических умений и навыков в соответствии с сенситивными периодами возрастного развития физических качеств и координационно-технических возможностей. Экспериментально подтверждена эффективность предложенной методики в условиях секционных занятий по футболу в начальной школе

The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the problem of providing educational and educational effect on football lessons of younger students, which would allow simultaneous strengthening of the functional state of various systems of the body by means of physical training, as well as the formation of specific motor skills and abilities taking into account the age characteristics of children. In the dissertation the technique of interconnected formation of motor actions and development of physical qualities of younger schoolchildren in the process of football lessons is revealed, theoretically substantiated and experimentally tested. Prepared and implemented in the educational process integrated pedagogical approach provides for the most informative means of physical and technical training of boys 7-9 years, ways of their implementation, methods of organization of classes and the possibility of differentiation of the contingent on the level of preparedness on the basis of evaluation tables, taking into account the age characteristics of younger pupils. The practical value of the data is in the formation of methodological support for the improvement of technical coordination and development of physical qualities of younger students by means of football, as well as the development of those elements of management of the educational process that provide feedback from student to teacher. In the process of experimental study revealed that the vast majority of indicators of subjective assessment of health there is a complex adaptation period of 8 years, which may reflect the overstrain of body functions due to the complexity of the curriculum of secondary school, and by increasing the special means inherent in the game of football. According to other indicators, the dynamics is versatile, which may indicate the need for an individual approach and requires systematic medical and biological control over the health of children. Factor analysis of the structure of the General physical, as well as coordination and technical readiness of boys showed the presence of age-specific factors as contributions and their content. The model of complex pedagogical influence in the process of interconnected formation of motor actions and development of physical qualities of younger schoolboys at football lessons is developed. The corresponding model contains theoretical bases, the basic elements of management and means and ways of their introduction which are stated taking into account age dynamics of physical development, development of physical and coordination qualities and features of improvement of an impellent Arsenal of boys of 7-9 years, specific for a game of football. The author's methodological tools for the interrelated development of physical qualities and the formation of specific motor skills of boys 7-9 years in the process of football involves the availability of means of implementation of the tasks, ways of their application both in the special preparatory and in the educational (main) part in the conditions of different methods of organization of classes, the ratio of physical exercises of different nature, as well as those controls that provide feedback from the student to the teacher-control and evaluation. The proposed approach takes into account both the age characteristics of primary school children and the stages of learning to play football with the use of the gradual formation of specific skills and abilities in accordance with the sensitive periods of not only the development of physical qualities, but also coordination and technical features of the development of various sensory and adaptive systems of the body of boys; Planning of the physical volume and training loads of different orientation allowed us to determine the following relationship: For boys of 7 years it is recommended to allocate 43% of educational time for General physical training. For the development of General coordination qualities offered 31%, and the formation of special skills in football - 26%. For boys of 8 years it is recommended to allocate 43% of educational time for General physical training. For the development of General coordination qualities and the formation of special skills of playing football is offered – 28,5%. For 9-year-old it is recommended to allocate 35% of the educational time for General physical training. For the development of General coordination qualities is offered 29,5%, and for the formation of special skills in football - 35,%. Improving the efficiency of management of the educational process in the classroom football provides evaluation tables, taking into account the age characteristics of the development of physical and coordination qualities, as well as the formation of special skills of possession of the ball in schoolchildren 7-9 years. The author's approach allows to differentiate the contingent according to the level of preparedness, as well as to determine the most important components and conduct operational control, which in turn provides the possibility of systematic correction of educational and pedagogical actions of both General-developing and special-preparatory nature; Experimental verification of the effectiveness of the author's methodological tools for the interrelated development of physical qualities and the formation of motor skills of boys 8 years showed significant advantages for students of the experimental group in all indicators, changes in which are of statistical significance. The increase in the above-mentioned indicators in boys who carried out the educational process according to the generally accepted program ranges from 4.6 to 48.9%, while their peers who were engaged in football by the author's method, the corresponding dynamics is from 9,4 to 53,6%. The greatest difference in the overall physical fitness of students in both groups was determined by the results of running at 30 m – 11,7% vs. 6,7%, and torso forward – 15.5% vs. 8.8%. Among the indicators of the state of development of General coordination qualities, such a situation is recorded in the process of manifestation of spatial orientation (53,6% vs. 48.9%) and speed coordination (12,6% vs. 7.2%). The formation of special motor skills allowed us to note that the greatest difference in the dynamics of growth in both groups of students in the indicators of hitting the ball on the accuracy-21,3% against 8.3%, as well as juggling the ball – 18.5% against 4.6%.