Дисертація присвячена вирішенню проблеми підвищення ефективності
навчання футболу молодших школярів. Теоретично підтверджено
недостатність реалізації завдань фізичного виховання молодших школярів.
Вивчено вікову динаміку суб’єктивного стану здоров’я, фізичного розвитку,
фізичної та координаційно-технічної підготовленості учнів початкової школи,
які займаються футболом. Визначено факторну структуру фізичної та
координаційно-технічної підготовленості хлопчиків 7-9 років у футболі з
урахуванням вікових особливостей. Запропоновано критерії оцінювання рівня
фізичної та координаційно-технічної підготовленості хлопчиків 7-9 років з
футболу. Науково обґрунтовано співвідношення обсягу фізичних навантажень
різної спрямованості в процесі фізичної та координаційно-технічної підготовки
хлопчиків 7-9 років засобами футболу. Розроблено методику взаємопов’язаного
формування рухових дій і розвитку фізичних якостей молодших школярів у
процесі занять з футболу. Її зміст побудований за етапами навчання гри у
футбол та передбачає поступове формування технічних умінь і навичок
відповідно до сенситивних періодів вікового розвитку фізичних якостей та
координаційно-технічних можливостей. Експериментально підтверджено
ефективність запропонованої методики в умовах секційних занять з футболу у
початковій школі.
Диссертация посвящена решению проблемы повышения эффективности
обучения футболу младших школьников. Теоретически подтверждена
недостаточность реализации задач физического воспитания младших
школьников. Изучена возрастная динамика субъективного состояния здоровья,
физического развития, физической и координационно-технической
подготовленности учащихся начальной школы, которые занимаются футболом.
Определена факторная структура физической и координационно-технической
подготовленности мальчиков 7-9 лет в футболе с учетом возрастных
особенностей. Предложены критерии оценки уровня физической и
координационно-технической подготовленности мальчиков 7-9 лет по футболу.
Научно обосновано соотношение объема физических нагрузок различной
направленности в процессе физической и координационно-технической
подготовки мальчиков 7-9 лет средствами футбола. Разработана методика
взаимосвязанного формирования двигательных действий и развития
физических качеств младших школьников в процессе занятий по футболу. Ее
содержание построено по этапам обучения игры в футбол и предусматривает
постепенное формирование технических умений и навыков в соответствии с
сенситивными периодами возрастного развития физических качеств и
координационно-технических возможностей. Экспериментально подтверждена
эффективность предложенной методики в условиях секционных занятий по
футболу в начальной школе
The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the problem of providing
educational and educational effect on football lessons of younger students, which
would allow simultaneous strengthening of the functional state of various systems of
the body by means of physical training, as well as the formation of specific motor
skills and abilities taking into account the age characteristics of children.
In the dissertation the technique of interconnected formation of motor actions
and development of physical qualities of younger schoolchildren in the process of
football lessons is revealed, theoretically substantiated and experimentally tested.
Prepared and implemented in the educational process integrated pedagogical
approach provides for the most informative means of physical and technical training
of boys 7-9 years, ways of their implementation, methods of organization of classes and the possibility of differentiation of the contingent on the level of preparedness on
the basis of evaluation tables, taking into account the age characteristics of younger
pupils.
The practical value of the data is in the formation of methodological support
for the improvement of technical coordination and development of physical qualities
of younger students by means of football, as well as the development of those
elements of management of the educational process that provide feedback from
student to teacher.
In the process of experimental study revealed that the vast majority of
indicators of subjective assessment of health there is a complex adaptation period of 8
years, which may reflect the overstrain of body functions due to the complexity of the
curriculum of secondary school, and by increasing the special means inherent in the
game of football. According to other indicators, the dynamics is versatile, which may
indicate the need for an individual approach and requires systematic medical and
biological control over the health of children.
Factor analysis of the structure of the General physical, as well as coordination
and technical readiness of boys showed the presence of age-specific factors as
contributions and their content.
The model of complex pedagogical influence in the process of interconnected
formation of motor actions and development of physical qualities of younger
schoolboys at football lessons is developed.
The corresponding model contains theoretical bases, the basic elements of
management and means and ways of their introduction which are stated taking into
account age dynamics of physical development, development of physical and
coordination qualities and features of improvement of an impellent Arsenal of boys
of 7-9 years, specific for a game of football.
The author's methodological tools for the interrelated development of physical
qualities and the formation of specific motor skills of boys 7-9 years in the process of
football involves the availability of means of implementation of the tasks, ways of
their application both in the special preparatory and in the educational (main) part in
the conditions of different methods of organization of classes, the ratio of physical
exercises of different nature, as well as those controls that provide feedback from the
student to the teacher-control and evaluation.
The proposed approach takes into account both the age characteristics of
primary school children and the stages of learning to play football with the use of the
gradual formation of specific skills and abilities in accordance with the sensitive
periods of not only the development of physical qualities, but also coordination and
technical features of the development of various sensory and adaptive systems of the
body of boys;
Planning of the physical volume and training loads of different orientation
allowed us to determine the following relationship:
For boys of 7 years it is recommended to allocate 43% of educational time for
General physical training. For the development of General coordination qualities
offered 31%, and the formation of special skills in football - 26%. For boys of 8 years it is recommended to allocate 43% of educational time for General physical training.
For the development of General coordination qualities and the formation of special
skills of playing football is offered – 28,5%. For 9-year-old it is recommended to
allocate 35% of the educational time for General physical training. For the
development of General coordination qualities is offered 29,5%, and for the
formation of special skills in football - 35,%.
Improving the efficiency of management of the educational process in the
classroom football provides evaluation tables, taking into account the age
characteristics of the development of physical and coordination qualities, as well as
the formation of special skills of possession of the ball in schoolchildren 7-9 years.
The author's approach allows to differentiate the contingent according to the
level of preparedness, as well as to determine the most important components and
conduct operational control, which in turn provides the possibility of systematic
correction of educational and pedagogical actions of both General-developing and
special-preparatory nature;
Experimental verification of the effectiveness of the author's methodological
tools for the interrelated development of physical qualities and the formation of
motor skills of boys 8 years showed significant advantages for students of the
experimental group in all indicators, changes in which are of statistical significance.
The increase in the above-mentioned indicators in boys who carried out the
educational process according to the generally accepted program ranges from 4.6 to
48.9%, while their peers who were engaged in football by the author's method, the
corresponding dynamics is from 9,4 to 53,6%.
The greatest difference in the overall physical fitness of students in both groups
was determined by the results of running at 30 m – 11,7% vs. 6,7%, and torso
forward – 15.5% vs. 8.8%.
Among the indicators of the state of development of General coordination
qualities, such a situation is recorded in the process of manifestation of spatial
orientation (53,6% vs. 48.9%) and speed coordination (12,6% vs. 7.2%).
The formation of special motor skills allowed us to note that the greatest
difference in the dynamics of growth in both groups of students in the indicators of
hitting the ball on the accuracy-21,3% against 8.3%, as well as juggling the ball –
18.5% against 4.6%.
