Методичні засади реалізації продуктивного навчання фізики в закладах середньої освіти II ступеня

Abstract

У дисертації вперше в умовах запровадження в закладах середньої освіти II ступеня компетентнісного підходу запропоновано методичні засади продуктивного навчання фізики, спрямованого на забезпечення сучасних вимог до результативної складової освітнього змісту. Вперше запропоновано методичну систему продуктивного навчання фізики, яка враховує інноваційні освітні процеси. Вперше запропоновано модель структури продуктивного навчання фізики, яка відображає побудову освітнього середовища, призначеного для цілеспрямованого формування організаційних, інтелектуальних і творчих умінь через засвоєння орієнтованих основ відповідних дій і набуття досвіду їх використання у різних видах навчального пізнання. Вперше запропоновано використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій як засобу реалізації наскрізних змістових ліній ключових компетентностей на уроках фізики в закладах середньої освіти II ступеня. Вперше запропоновано навчально-методичний комплект «Фізика в закладах середньої освіти II ступеня: продуктивне навчання», який спрямований на розвиток пізнавальної самостійності, творчої активності і забезпечує ефективну реалізацію запропонованої методичної системи продуктивного навчання фізики.

В диссертации впервые в условиях внедрения компетентностного подхода в заведениях среднего образования II ступени предложены методические основы продуктивного обучения физике, ориентированные на обеспечение современных требований к результативной составляющей содержания образования. Впервые предложена методическая система продуктивного обучения физике, учитывающая инновационные образовательные процессы. Впервые предложена модель структуры продуктивного обучения физике, которая отражает построение образовательной среды, предназначенной для целенаправленного формирования организационных, интеллектуальных и творческих учений посредством усвоения ориентировочных основ соответствующих действий и приобретения опыта их использования в разных видах учебного познания. Впервые предложено использование информационно-коммуникационных технологий как средства реализации сквозных содержательных линий ключевых компетентностей на уроках физики в заведениях среднего образования II ступени. Впервые предложен учебно-методический комплект «Физика в заведениях среднего образования II ступени: продуктивное обучение», который ориентирован на развитие познавательной самостоятельности, творческой активности и обеспечивает эффективную реализацию предложенной методической системы продуктивного обучения физике.

The state of problem of forming of productive educational-cognitive activity of pupils is defined in this research. In particular, the analysis of scientific achievements is brought to effect in relation to becoming and development of conceptions of productive studies in a theory and practice of secondary education. Psycho-didactic and methodological aspects of organization of productive cognitive activity of pupils are elucidated, the types of this activity that are most effective for realization of methodology of productive studies, are described. It is shown on the basis of analysis of theory and practice, that most substantial in the productive studies of physics is converting activity of a pupil in relation to educational material the result of which is verbalized and perceived by a pupil as personality advancement in direction of novelty of own cognitive experience that is obtained. It is proven that efficiency of productive study is provided by its realization on the basis of innovative educational models namely: the personality-oriented study; problem study; developing study; interactive study; playing, informative, project technologies and technology of development of the critical thinking. It is defined that the productive study envisages strengthening of positions of a pupil in educational activity in physics, mainly of his independence, activity and sense of success in studies from position of novelty of acquired experience in the process of implementation of any educational task in particular, and educational activity in whole. Authorial interpretation of the term “productive study” is offered: productive study of physics is an educational process of formation of mechanisms of active creative cognition and research activity that needs creation and permanent updating of innovative educational environment and, as result, envisages formation of subject competence in physics and quality change of the pupil’s personality in direction of development of intellectual necessities and positive motivational position. For the first time the methodical principles of productive study of physics aimed to provide the modem requirements to the effective constituent of educational substance are offered in establishments of secondary education of second degree in conditions of competence approach. The methodical system of efficient study of physics taking into account innovative educational processes is offered for the first time. The model of structure of productive studies of physics that represents the construction of the educational environment intended for the purposeful forming of organizational, intellectual and creative competences by mastering of oriented bases of corresponding actions and acquirement of experience of their use in different types of educational knowledge is proposed for the first time. The model of lesson is first offered in the system of productive study of physics composed of such parts: introductory part; basic part (stage of introduction to productive educationalcognitive activity, stage of forming of productive activity in the process of educational cognition, stage of use of the results of productive educational-cognitive activity, their adjustment and evaluation); final part. The methodical approaches of pupils’ attraction to activity of innovative type are offered, namely: method of forming of cognitive interests and development of positive emotional attitude toward studies; method of forming of responsibility in studies; method of use of explaining influence of a group of pupils; method of psychological influence of teacher; method of overcoming of obstacles in studies. Methodical approaches to formation of productive educational activity of pupils by means of playing technologies, research activity and extracurricular work of physics are proposed. The use of informativelycommunicative technologies is first offered as the means of realization through semantic lines of the main competences at the lessons of physics in the establishments of secondary education of second degree. The educational-methodical set “Physics in establishments of secondary education of second degree: productive study” is proposed for the first time. It is aimed at the development of cognitive independence, creative activity and provides effective realization of the offered methodical system of productive study in physics. Efficiency of the offered methodical system of productive study of physics and of the educational-methodical complex “Physics in the establishments of secondary education of second degree” is experimentally tested in some establishments of secondary education of second degree. The results of the experimental research prove that there is a substantial increase of levels of educational achievements of pupils and their positive motivation in the process of realization of methodical principles of productive studies of physics as innovative educational process. It is statistically confirmed that the pupils of the experimental group have substantial positive changes of the level of subject competence in physics, and also motivation for its study, but the corresponding changes in the control group of pupils are less noticeable. The research outlines the prospects of further scientific searches in relation to other approaches and methods of realization of conception of productive studies of physics in an educational process. There are some problematic questions concerning educational-methodical support and teachers training to organization of productive studies of physics in educational practice of establishments of secondary education of second degree.