В данной статье представлены современные представления о прямых и опосредованных эффектах половых гормонов, оказываемых ими на сердечно-сосудистую систему женщин.
У цій статті представлені сучасні уявлення про прямі і опосередковані ефекти статевих гормонів, що робляться ними на серцево-судинну систему жінок.
The aim of this research is to understand the changes in the cardiovascular system, depending on the hormonal status of the condition. In women, the cardiovascular system is under the protection of estrogen due to the biological mechanisms regulating the activity of endothelial, smooth muscle cells of blood vessel walls, as well as myocardial cells. Estrogen receptors are expressed in the heart and blood vessels, which confirms the idea that the cardiovascular system is the target organ for estrogen action. Estrogens have a lasting effect, reducing response to damage to the vessel and prevents atherosclerosis. Long-term effects of estrogen caused by the changes of gene expression and vascular cell effects on protein synthesis. Effect of estrogen may lead to a transient vasodilation. Effects on lipid rendered oestrogens may be potentially useful and harmful. Oral estrogens reduce LDL levels, but increased levels of high density lipoprotein. Proved that endothelial dysfunction is an initial step in the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial function affect cardiovascular risk factors and genetic predisposition, as well as lack of sex hormones and aging. Studies on the role of estrogen-mediated effects on the inflammatory status of the vessel showed that women have lower levels of estrogens as vascular cell adhesion molecules, adhesion molecules and inflammatory cells. These proteins expressing on the surface of vascular endothelial cells, circulating inflammatory cells allow to make adhesion to the inner surface of the artery, and further promote their invasion of vascular wall. Interest is the effect of estrogen on inflammatory factors. Analysis of studies of the cardiovascular system showed that regardless of the levels of C-reactive protein levels in women taking hormone replacement therapy, the risk of cardiovascular disease was lower. The effect of estrogen on coagulation factors and fibrinolysis due to the effects of the primary passage through the liver. Under the influence of estrogen therapy some procoagulant and antifibrinolytic factors greatly increased.
