Енергетична доступність визначається як кількість харчової енергії для всіх фізіологічних функцій після врахування витрат енергії на фізичні вправи (тренування). Низька енергетична доступність тісно пов'язана з порушеннями менструальної функції. Представлено огляд наукових статей, котрі характеризують вивчення значення енергетичної доступності. Проаналізовано важливість підвищення освіченості майбутніх фахівців фізичного виховання та спорту з цієї проблеми.
Энергетическая доступность определяется как количество пищевой энергии для всех физиологических функций после учета затрат энергии на физические упражнения (тренировки). Низкая энергетическая доступность тесно связана с нарушениями менструальной функции. Представлен обзор научных статей, которые характеризуют изучение значения энергетической доступности. Проанализированы важность повышения образованности будущих специалистов физического воспитания и спорта по этой проблеме.
Energy availability is the amount of dietary energy for all physiological functions after accounting for energy expenditure from exercise, that is, the amount of remaining energy available for other body functions after exercise training. In young healthy individuals,energy balance occurs at a energy availability around 45 kcal per kg of free fatty mass per day. When values are under 30 kcal per kg of free fatty mass per day, the reproductive function and bone formation are reduced to restore energy balance, resulting in an impairment of reproductive and skeletal health. Low energy availability may result when exercise energy expenditure increases more than energy intake, as may occur in endurance sports, but also appears when energy intake is reduced more than exercise energy expenditure. Female athletes in sports such as gymnastics, ballet dancing, or figure skating, in which leanness and aesthetics are emphasized. Optimal energy intake and nutrition can improve exercise performance and maintain overall health in physically active individuals. Female athletes, however, can find it difficult to meet energy and nutrient needs while maintaining a low fat or body weight considered optimal for sports performance. Thus, they often restrict energy intake to make weight goals . Low energy intake, combined with high levels of exercise, increases the risk of developing exercise-related menstrual dysfunction and poor bone health. Low energy availability, not stress of exercise, alters LH pulsatility in exercising women. For prevention and early intervention, education of athletes, parents, coaches, trainers, judges, and administrators is a priority. Sport administrators should also consider rule changes to discourage unhealthy weight loss practices. The first aim of treatment for any Triad component is to increase energy availability by increasing energy intake and/or reducing exercise energy expenditure. The review of scientific articles that describe the study of the problem of low energy availability. Analyzed the importance of improving education of future specialists in physical education and sport on this issue.
