Психологічний концепт комунікативної взаємодії в оркестровому колективі

Abstract

Спостереження за творчою діяльністю оркестрового колективу та практика доводять, що єдності дій оркестрантів не можна досягти механічним виконанням вимог диригента. Вона можлива за умови встановлення в оркестрі ефективних взаємозв’язків, спрямованих на узгодження технології гри, супідрядження індивідуальних почуттів та емоцій. Зазнається, що організація творчої діяльності (та функціонування оркестру в цілому) безпосередньо залежить від взаємодії між диригентом і його учасниками. Тому без досягнення диригентом кваліфікованого рівня професійного спілкування неможливо вирішити творчі завдання з колективом. У пропонованій статті акцентується увага на важливості взаємної комунікації між диригентом оркестру та його учасниками. Показана роль комунікативної взаємодії у загальному творчому процесі колективу.

Observations on the creative activity of the orchestra group and practice prove, that unity of actions of orchestrators cannot be achieved by mechanical fulfilment of requirements of the conductor. It is possible under conditions of establishing effective relationships in the orchestra, aimed at harmonizing the play technology, the subordination of individual feelings and emotions. It is recognized that the organization of creative activity (and the functioning of the orchestra as a whole) is directly dependent on the interaction between the conductor and its participants. Therefore, without reaching conductor professional qualification, it is impossible to solve creative tasks with the team. The basis of the conductor’s communication process is the establishment of mutual mental contacts and communications with the performers, the exchange of the information between the partners of the creative act, as well as interaction and psychological influence. All of these components are inextricably interconnected and cannot exist separately. Establishing a psychic contact with an orchestra cannot be a “mechanical” transfer of attention from one object to another. The communicative process requires considerable intellectual tension and wilful effort, as a large number of people are involved in the creative process. Psychological contacts are heterogeneous in structure, nature, and content. Conditionally they can be divided into «external» and «internal». External ones are built on «controlling attention» and aimed at solving «organizational tasks», creating channels of mutual circulation of information, exercising control and regulation of the orchestra’s actions. At the same time, internal contacts (actually psychological ones) cover the subtle intellectual realm that is associated with the creative process. Internal contact is a way of grasping the musician’s spiritual world, penetrating his «creative self». Such communication, overcoming on its way the outer shell of the «visible», encompasses all the subtle nuances of the artist’s deep creativity. Thus, communicative interaction is born in the process of perception by the performers of the real sound of the whole team, the actions of partners, the instructions of the conductor. Comparison of this information with the real sound is the basis for its correction both by the conductor and the artists: their timely reaction to the requirements of the conductor, the results of the analysis of the partners’ actions performed by the correction of personal performance, emotional response to the artistic influence of music is a basic prerequisite for effectiveness musical interaction. Basing on the unified understanding of the music composition essence, interpreting tasks and the content of performing operations, the orchestra participants form identical aesthetic evaluations of the work, adequate emotional attitude to the music. Consequently, communicative interaction aims at reconciling both - performance technology, feelings and emotions.