Роль генетичних факторів для успішної побудови тренувального процесу (огляд літератури)

Abstract

У роботі представлений ретроспективний аналіз сучасних наукових даних про роль генетичних чинників в тренувальному процесі. Використання генетичних маркерів дозволяє значно розширити можливості і точність прогнозування та відбору в спорті, особливо на початкових його етапах. Молекулярно-генетична діагностика в спорті повинна застосовуватися з використанням максимального числа маркерів, і лише як доповнення до вже існуючих загально прийнятих фенотипічних тестів, які проводяться в рамках медико-біологічного забезпечення фізичної культури і спорту.

The paper presents a retrospective analysis of modern scientific data on the role of genetic factors in the training process. The use of genetic markers can significantly expand the capabilities and accuracy of forecasting and selection in sports, especially in its initial stages. Molecular genetic diagnostics in sports should be applied using the maximum number of markers, and only as an addition to the existing generally accepted phenotypic tests used in the framework of medical and biological support of physical culture and sports. Due to the fact that it was possible to identify many genes, a new direction is gradually being formed, which can be attributed to functional genomics, since it reveals the connection between the activity of individual genes and various human functions. Among them, an important place is occupied by identifying the connection of specific genes with the development of the human motor function. The use of genetic markers can significantly expand the capabilities and accuracy of forecasting and selection in sports, especially in its initial stages. Gene determination is carried out for the purpose of sports orientation and the development of optimal sports training programs. This makes it possible to achieve significant results in sports, to determine the safety of physical fitness for an athlete's health. At the same time, genetic markers can be used to search for athletes with the characteristics of an organism adequate for a given sport; as well as a method of profile orientation of athletes in the early period. Based on testing of specific genetic markers, determine in advance the hereditary predisposition of athletes to success in a particular sport and adjust the training process.