Педагогічні основи фізичного виховання

Abstract

Питання пов'язане з підвищенням ефективності фізичного виховання студентів. Розглядаються проблеми фізичного здоров'я і залежність його від використаних методів і засобів рухової активності людини. Пропонуються доступні за віком і фізичними можливостями шляхи розвитку рухових здібностей і адекватних педагогічних принципів. У сукупності з фізичним вихованням використовується і моральне, як необхідна умова розвитку особистісних якостей учнів і студентів.

The issues concerning the effectiveness of students’ physical education. The problems of physical health and its dependence on the application of methods and means of human moving activity are discussed. The ways of development of moving abilities and adequate pedagogical principles accessible for age and physical abilities are offered. In combination with physical education can also be used the moral one as an inevitable condition for the development of personal qualities of pupils and students. In the secondary and even higher educational establishments in physical education classes pupils and students are sometimes subjected to disciplinary requirements of the teacher’s orders: "do not run!", "stand still!", that means always to be in a state of constant internal tension. Thus being deprived of moving freedom, they become obedient weapons, and they are in the most unfavorable conditions for the body. Hence, there is a sense of internal protest and a negative attitude to physical education. If it was formed at school, then it remains in the institute, university, and in the future, for many years of life. Such "redundancy" in the creation of limited conditions destroys the healthy desire and the need for exercise, "killing in the germ" any natural attempt to meet the need for movement, with the slightest manifestation. Under the pretext of the educational discipline, children from the very early age are accustomed to such a system of behavior, which constantly prohibits the manifestation of their moving instinct. A schoolchild has to stay immovable in the classroom for 20-30 hours per week. In addition to it they have extracurricular classes, visit the canteen when no extra gestures, movements and even facial expressions are allowed. To move from one room to another they must walk calmly like "soldiers under the gun." The ideal of our school order is like a complete immovability of students, under which they understand the form of self-discipline and complete submission to teachers. Moving activity differs in the way, that besides exhaustion, this function has the ability to restore and accumulate energy potential, including the excess one. Task of the coach or teacher is to use such a system of physical exercises which would become attractive in shape and content giving the person ability to get enjoyment out of them and to meet the natural need for them. Only in this case, physical education becomes permanent companion for preservation of physical health and the source of good mood.