Диалог с Вольтером в поэме Н. А. Львова «Русский 1791 год»

Abstract

У статті розглянуто образний ряд, композиційну логіку сюжету, суб`єктивний лад поеми М. О. Львова «Російський 1791 рік» у контексті імпліцитного діалогу з повістю Вольтера «Кандід». Зроблено висновки про своєрідність ідеологічної та етичної позиції Львова, які обумовлені як специфікою російської ментальності, відображеної в поемі, так і особливостями ідеології цього періоду в історії Росії.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of revealing the individual specific features of mastering by N. Lvov of the European literary and philosophical context of the Age of Enlightenment. This problem is relevant for the research of Russian literature of the last third of the 18th century, since the ways of the further development of Russian literature were determined precisely during this transitional period in the process of mastering and adapting European culture to the Russian mentality and traditions (including literary ones). Purpose. The purpose of this work was to identify the Voltaire intertext in Lvov ’s poem «Russian 1791 year» and the analysis of the dialogue between the poem by Lvov and Voltaire’s «Candide» as an example of the successful introduction of the European component into the Russian cultural and literary environment of the late 18th century. Methods. The method of contextual analysis of the text was dominant in the article. He allowed to consider the problems and poetics of the Lvov’s poem in its stipulation as the internal dominants of the Russian literary process of the Age (the reproduction of «the spirit of the nation» in N. Lvov in accordance with the orientation toward Russian traditional culture, which became increasingly popular in the period of pre-romanticism), and European tastes, Lvov’s preferences and the intellectuals of his time. Results. The analysis of the poem «Russian 1791 year» from the point of view of the dialogue between Lvov and Voltaire made it possible to read the poem with the help of previously unused interpretative codes and significantly change the notion of its semantic structure as more multi-layered and complexly organized. Originality. The analysis of Voltaire allusions in this poem by Lvov has not yet been addressed by researche rs of his creativity. This research reveals the connection of many its key ideas with the Voltaire ’s story. For example, it was proved that the idea of work as a salutary path, leading to genuine happiness, is reinforced in Lvov ’s poem by a direct allusion to the final of «Candide», and Voltaire’s skeptical assessment of human morals is reinterpreted dialogically in Lvov’s poem in application to the state of Russian life. Conclusion. The main conclusion of the article was the thesis that, transferring and a rtistically analyzing «the spirit of the nation» and «the spirit of the times» (according to the formulation adopted in researches of the poem) in his text, in the first case Lvov relies on folk traditions and in the second – on the philosophical context of the era, in this case represented by Voltaire’s text.