Історичні передумови формування системи професійної підготовки майбутніх фітнес-тренерів у закладах вищої освіти

Abstract

Здійснено аналітичний огляд формування системи професійної підготовки фітнес-тренерів в Україні та інших країнах. Наведено аналіз публікацій, що свідчить про суперечливу тенденцію становлення оздоровчого фітнесу та системи підготовки відповідних кадрів в Україні. Доведено, що становлення і розвиток системи підготовки кадрів для сфери фітнесу обумовлено соціальними трансформаціями в суспільстві.

The analytical review of the system formation of professional fitness coaches training in Ukraine and other countries is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of the conservatism in the field of physical culture in the USSR are shown. The backlog of development of innovative forms of physical culture comparing with foreign countries is noted. It is proved that physical exercises in the form of industrial and morning gymnastic, a complex of Civil Defense Squads and other types of motor activity can be considered as a prototype of modern fitness. Thus, in the mid 1980's in the USSR, such species as rhythmic, athletic gymnastics began to develop actively; as well as eastern activities: yoga, taijiquan, wushu, methods of psychoregulation and autogenous training. The data pointing to the contradictory tendencies of the establishment of health-improving fitness in the USSR are given, when in the conditions of total stagnation in the economy and culture of the country the concept of "fitness" became a cultural emanation of the Western way of life, a strategy of success and consistency. In connection with this, certain transformations in the system of training physical culture staff have been characterized. The analysis of archival curricula testifies that since 1990 in the Kiev State Institute of Physical Culture (now - the National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine) in the educational process were included such new disciplines as: "Rhythmic Gymnastics" and "Athletism", and since 2010 in Ukraine a new professional title has been legally introduced - 3475 "fitness coach". It is shown that the system of training personnel for the fitness sphere in Ukraine reflected global trends while preserving national characteristics. The tendency of transition from narrow professional unified academic disciplines to flexible professionally oriented and personally oriented courses are revealed.