Дослідження змін функціональних показників велосипедисток 14 та 15 років під впливом фізичних навантажень

Abstract

В статті представлено результати дослідження функціонального стану велосипедисток 14 та 15 років. Метою явилося визначення стану серцево-судинної та дихальної систем організму велосипедисток 14 та 15 років під впливом занять, які використовуються в підготовці за дисципліною маунтінбайк (ХСЕ) Встановлені зміни систем організму велосипедисток 14 та 15 років під впливом фізичних навантажень протягом підготовчого та змагального періодів.

В статье представлены результаты исследования функционального состояния велосипедисток 14 и 15 лет. Целью явилось определение состояния функциональных показателей велосипедисток 14 и 15 лет под воздействием занятий, которые используют в подготовке по дисциплине маунтинбайк (ХСЕ). Установлены изменения сердечно-сосудистой и дыхательной систем организма велосипедисток 14 и 15 лет под воздействием физических нагрузок на протяжении подготовительного и соревновательного периодов.

The article presents the results of a study of the functional condition of cyclists aged 14 and 15. The goal was to determine the status of the functional indicators of bicyclists 14 and 15 years under the influence of classes, which are used in preparation for the discipline of mountain bike (ХСЕ). The changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the organism of bicyclists 14 and 15 years have been established under the influence of physical loads during the preparatory and competitive periods. These include unevenness, nonconformity and sexual conditionality of growth and development processes, as well as the influence of genetic and mediating factors. The definition of morpho functional maturity is based, first, on the harmonious physical development of the girl. According to researchers, typical for adolescents of our time is a "trophic syndrome", which corresponds to disharmonious physical development, decrease of functional reserves, delayed sexual development. Attention is paid to the age structure of the body, when there is a rapid growth of bone and muscle tissue, changes in the load on the cardiovascular and nervous system, which are forced to "adjust" to new conditions of functioning. In the "enhanced" mode, the immune system and the glands of the internal secretion, especially the sex, work. The reproductive function is included in the phase of formation, therefore, what and how the girl will be engaged, it depends on puberty growth. The acceleration and deficiency of body weight of girls in the age of 14-15 are progressing more and more, therefore, preparation of the organism is necessary due to insignificant physical activity that will promote the development of connective tissue formations, tendons, ligaments of joints and fat and muscle tissues. Therefore, sports, especially cycling, are becoming more and more relevant. According to researchers, the leading role in adapting the body to physical activity belongs to the functional state that participates in all manifestations of the vital activity of the organism. Information on the functional state of young athletes, on their development of the body under the influence of physical activity, which has a large number of practical activities. In the works of many researchers, it is shown that changes in the cardiovascular system of young athletes contribute to occupations of different orientations At that time, it is impossible without a scientific approach to organizing a focused training process, as well as without considering the individual physiological characteristics of the body, to achieve high sports results. This provision is of importance in the training process of athletes, especially in cycling sports, which include cycling (MTВ). Many researchers have shown that when planning significant physical activity in the period of the body's growth there are changes in systems, which in the future leads to a decrease in the results at the stages of maximum realization of their capabilities. At the same time, issues concerning the study of changes in the functional state and anthropometric indicators of cyclists 14-15 years are practically absent, which is a topical issue of sports training in the mountain bike (MTV ХСЕ). During the training year, under the influence of physical activity on cyclists of 14 and 15 years we obtained improvement of the indicators at the heart rate to 70.7 hit min-1, anaerobic metabolic capacity to 60.1 conventional units, aerobic capacity to 175.9 conventional units, the maximum consumption of oxygen up to 4.4 liters, the capacity of the lungs to 1996,2 ml. We determined the statistical difference in the rates of heart rate in cycles 14 and 15 years between October and June (t=2,61; p=0,05), February and June (t=3,82; p=0,01), February and October (t=2,32; p=0,05); anaerobic metabolic capacity between October and June (t=3,91; p=0,01), February and June (t=8,29; p=0,001), February and October (t=2,56; p=0,05), June and October (t=6,16; p=0,001); aerobic metabolic capacity between October and February (t=4,15; p=0,01); PWC170 between October and June (t=2,77; p=0,05), February and June (t=3,02; p =0,05).