Становлення феномену гри з античних часів до епохи відродження

Abstract

Обґрунтовано необхідність вивчення ігрового феномену в часовому просторі. Розкрито основні погляди мислителів щодо феномену гри з античних часів до епохи Відродження. Визначено властиві для кожного із етапів розвитку людства провідні характеристики гри, що обумовлені соціально-економічними та політичними чинниками відповідного періоду.

A historical andchronological analysis of main philosophical, cultural as well as psychological andpedagogical views of thinkers, who determined the making of a game phenomenon from ancient times to the Renaissance era, is presented in the article. The psychological consciousness of ancient times, characteristic of which is a separation of a human out of the nature, records in a game the peculiarities of its worldview, attitude to environment to him/herself. Althoughunderstanding of this phenomenon bythe early Greeks and Romans expresses the peculiarities of a mythological period of human evolution, accentuating thenothingness of human knowledgein comparison withthe heavenly wisdom, just at that time the study of the essence of the game was established as well as revealing of its essential features and qualities, and the game itself began to have been considered as an instrument of cognition of the surrounding reality. Medieval philosophy described the game as a form of human’s life. The thinkers of the Middle Ages marked the unique possibilities of the game in formation of public conscience, organization ofhuman’s life-sustaining activity and its filling witha meaningful sense. Being in some kind of opposition towards the values of that time, the game acted as a life affirming factor and allowed a human to realize his/her unique place in the world. It promoted transferring and enrichment of the heritage of previous generations, thereby providing the further evolution of society and a human in it. However, social, economic and political factors of the Middle Ages determined mainly the slowdown ofa game phenomenon development. In philosophical conceptions of the Renaissance era that combined a free thought of the ancient world and religiosity of the Middle Ages the game was treated as a phenomenon of a general cultural and worldview space. It turned into one means of a spiritually affluent individual formation, mastering values and standards of the culture. The game turned out to be an essential characteristic of creative urges of a human and its content was filled in with culture and art. In a game activity a human shows the capability to create himself/herself and the world around.

Обоснована необходимость изучение игрового феномена во временном пространстве. Раскрыты основные взгляды мыслителей относительно феномена игры с античных времен до эпохи Возрождения. Определены отличительные для каждого из этапов развития человечества ведущие характеристики игры, обусловленные социально-экономическими и политическими факторами соответствующего периода.