Історичні аспекти та передумови розвитку туризму в європейському регіоні

Abstract

У статті розглянуто історичні аспекти і передумови розвитку туризму в європейському регіоні. Виділено основні фактори, які сприяли розвитку мандрівок. Названо форми, яких набували подорожі починаючи з стародавнього світу і до XIX століття. Значна увага приділена путівникам і літературі про подорожі, які спростили пошук видатних пам’яток, які варто побачити туристам. Визначено, що передумови виникнення туризму сягають далекої давнини. Люди мандрували завжди, тільки з різною мотивацією. Одні подорожували займаючись торгівлею, інші з метою оздоровлення, здобуття освіти, поширення релігійних учень, вдосконалення професійних навичок, а також з метою завоювань.

The article examines the historical aspects and preconditions for the development of tourism in the European region. Determined that the background of tourism date back to ancient times. What people have always traveled, but with different motivation. Some traveled engaging in trade, others for health, education, dissemination of religious teachings, improving skills, as well as to gains. Great influence on the development of travel infrastructure did. Networking kilometers of main roads and minor rural roads facilitated the transportation of goods and the implementation of private trips. Many travelers use the road to travel on vacation or for education. Popular types of resorts are Egypt, Greece, Etruria, Gaby, Boil, Baden-Baden. Human curiosity pulling people in France (Paris), England (Oxford), Italy (Bologna). Popular are the terms "travel training" and "itinerant students". Practice was known as journeymen trip could last 3-4 years and is a must-learning. During this trip "errant students" learned world, improved his skills. Religion also played a significant impact on tourism. Because a lot of people involved in religious wars, served in campaigns under the banner of the church. Returning home, they told of a foreign country. The religious beliefs of people forced them to go to their shrines. Most of the travelers stayed in monasteries, leaving their donations that pushed to create the first hotel system. With the development of industrial production people have more free time to travel. Monotonous work caused people to look for a place and time to relax, to get away from the normal range of everyday concerns. Besides the standard of living in Europe of employed people started to grow. Since the industrial revolution, improving technology and the advent of machinery extended journey to collect information. The workers went to France, England, Germany, to study the technical progress and innovation industrialization. Improvement of transport has made huge changes that really deserve the designation as "revolutionary development." Besides improving the mobility of tourists has created a new trend. Steam navigation, railways, travel guides and books about travel - contributed to the development of tourism. Charles Bedeker, scored a German writer of travel guides. Also considered excellent guide "Pocket Guide to Spain» Murray. Nineteenth century was marked boom in mass tourism. Thomas Cook organized the first mass tours. Great success has become affordable all-inclusive tours to the middle class. T. Cook important role in the development of mass tourism has received great recognition in Europe. Created Alpine Association also stimulated the movement of the middle class. That these were historical aspects and the basic prerequisites for the development of tourism in the European tourist region.