Особливості жіночого організму на заняттях легкою атлетикою

Abstract

Метою дослідження стало розкриття особливостей жіночого організму під час тренувального процесу легкою атлетикою. Завдання дослідження – визначити ефективні засоби у тренувальному процесі легкоатлеток-жінок без шкоди їх здоров’ю. Новизна полягає у тому, що одержана інформація поповнить банк даних про особливості жіночого організму у процесі занять легкою атлетикою, яка дозволить встановити найбільш ефективні засоби досягнення високих спортивних результатів із мінімізацією негативних наслідків для здоров’я.

Modern sport requires athletes to perform a large amount of intensive training which often leads to fatigue and health violation. The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of a female body during the training process in athletics. The research objectives are to define effective tools of the female training without any harm to their health. The novelty is that the obtained information will help to clarify and add to a database the new characteristics of the female body during the training process in athletics and thus to establish the most effective means to achieve high results of a minimal negative effects on the health. We have determined that a female musculature is less developed than a male one and it constitutes not more than 35 % of the body weight (if we speak about males it constitutes 40-50 %), and the thickness of fat tissue in a female body is more than in male ones (28 % vs 18 %). During the female training we must take into account the cyclical nature of the processes that occur in the reproductive system. Athletes who continue training in the menstrual period usually have no morphological and functional abnormalities and their participation in a competition during the menstrual cycle often make a success (81,6 % of the women improve the results and only 18,4 % worsen them). During the first trainings women must strengthen their abdominal muscles and an intrabasin musculature. Various jumps and jumps of medium intensity which are performed many times, free underneath exercises of large amplitude with the straight and bent legs are also recommended. To achieve this aim there exist the following motor activities: 1) raising the legs on the gym wall; 2) lifting the legs from the spine position and then from the abdomen position with or without encumbrance; 3) throwing a medicine ball up from the "sitting" and "half-sitting" positions; 4) lowering the raised legs to the right and left from the spine position; 5) raising the knees while sitting on the floor, bending your knees and keeping hold of the toes; 6) bending left leg during the maximal pulling the knee to the stomach and lying on the right side; then the same with the right leg. Self-control of the athlete must help her (she must note subjective sensations that occur before and after workouts, during the menstrual cycle etc). The deep knowledge about the sexual characteristics of morphofunctional system (both male and female) allows the results of the latest scientific and theoretical developments to be used efficiently for the theory and methodology of sports training.

Целью исследования стало раскрытие особенностей женского организма во время тренировочного процесса по легкой атлетике. Задание исследования – определить эффективные средства в тренировочном процессе легкоатлеток-женщин без вреда их здоровья. Новизна заключается в том, что полученная информация пополнит банк данных об особенностях женского организма в процессе занятий легкой атлетикой, которая позволит установить наиболее эффективные средства достижения высоких спортивных результатов с минимизацией негативных последствий для здоровья.