Формування основ духовності у розумово відсталих підлітків на уроках літературного читання

Abstract

Наукова стаття розкриває особливості формування основ духовності у розумово відсталих школярів на уроках літературного читання. Проаналізовано причини згасання інтересу до читання, що гальмують духовне становлення розумово відсталих учнів. Визначено чинники, які позитивно впливають на формування духовних рис особистості підлітків, серед яких провідну роль відведено шкільному аналізу художнього твору.

The article deals with the peculiarities of formation of spiritual foundations of mentally retarded adolescents at literary reading lessons. The role of the fiction in the development of spirituality is proved. Functions of the fiction such as corrective and educational which provide formation of spirituality are considered. The results of an investigation of attitude of school children to fiction are submitted. The causes of reduced interest in reading fiction are analyzed that hinder the formation of spirituality of mentally retarded children. Via a survey results, the factors that positively influence the formation of spiritual nature of mentally retarded adolescents are disclosed, including an analysis of the fiction at school. It is proved that silent and loud reading of the fiction secures the preparation for analysis. The method of analyzing the fiction in terms of formation of foundations of spirituality is based on the definition of the school analysis function to ensure the formation of spirituality such as correctional, receptive and developmental, motivational, axiological. Principles of school analysis of the fiction (correctional and developmental, tolerance, emotional, cultural) that provide the subject-subject aspect of interaction between the reader and the author of the fiction are characterized. Methods of analysis (problem-themed, imaginative, and selectively-focused) are defined based on the principles and functions. Using a figurative and speech debate as well as schemes and models is proved to provide the proper analysis.