Становлення середнього класу в сучасному українському суспільстві

Abstract

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора філософських наук за спеціальністю 09.00.03 – соціальна філософія та філософія історії. – Національний педагогічний університет імені М.П. Драгоманова. – Київ, 2010. Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню специфіки становлення та розвитку середнього класу. Висвітлено його сутність, структуру і функції; проаналізовано загальні моделі генезису; поглиблено уявлення про особливості соціальної структури в умовах суспільства перехідного періоду; з’ясовано стан і перспективи формування середнього класу в сучасній Україні. Запропоновано концепцію розвитку середнього класу на основі взаємодії конкуренції і партнерства, результатом якої є суспільна злагода. Доводиться необхідність проведення ефективної соціальної політики вертикаллю влади задля забезпечення ніш для подальшого розвитку середнього класу через інститути місцевого самоврядування.

Диссертация посвящена исследованию специфики становления и развития среднего класса. Освещены его сущность, структура и функции; проанализированы общие модели генезиса; углублено представление об особенностях социальной структуры в условиях общества переходного периода; выяснено состояние и перспективы формирования среднего класса в современной Украине. Предложена концепция развития среднего класса на основе взаимодействия конкуренции и партнерства, результатом которого является общественное согласие. Доказывается необходимость проведения эффективной социальной политики вертикалью власти ради обеспечения ниш для дальнейшего развития среднего класса через институты местного самоуправления.

The dissertation focuses on the research of the peculiarities of the middle class genesis and development in modern Ukrainian society. The paper highlights the nature and structure of the middle class and determines its functions, the main of which are functions of social stabilizer, integrator and control. It’s been analysed general models of the genesis of the classic middle class in the industrial society, the post-classic middle class in the post-industrial society and the middle class as a factor of the civil society development in Ukraine. The latest model of the genesis of the middle class takes place in the social systems of closed type, to which the Russian Empire, the USSR and Ukraine, as part of it, belonged. This model is connected with artificial modernization, lack of succession in the introduction of phases of capitalism, uneven transformation changes and ―non-communal‖ environment. In this case the middle class is not numerous, anaemic, weak, with conflictgenic potential, whose power is enough only for initiating modernization reforms and then it chokes with them and dissolves in the social environment. It’s been deepened the idea of peculiarities of the social structure in the society of the transitional period. The paper proves that in modern Ukrainian society there has been formed upper class which has all main features of the formed social stratum. Intense formation of the lower class is taking place. It includes different low-income social groups aloof from the society and possessing conflict potential latently. Nowadays the middle class represents silent minority. Empirical data show that Ukraine has taken up the way of the social structure development peculiar for Latin America. Determining the possibilities of the middle class formation in the transitional society, attention should be paid to: 1) resources pre-condition that contains potential sources of recruiting into the middle class and consists of: existing in the social structure of the soviet society mass social groups which had a number of significant professional-qualification and value features of the middle class, mass social groups that appeared in the reformation process and may be put down to the middle class according to certain features related to their occupations; 2) motivation pre-condition which represents social groups that pretend to a certain social - economic status and motivation to get it; social groups that lack relevant motivation at a definite moment, having a number of resources though; 3) ideological pre-condition that covers a number of socio-cultural factors that make integrating ideological frame. It’s these pre-conditions that determine sources and stipulate corresponding factors of the middle class formation. As economic development in the Ukrainian society is going on the basis of realization of advantages of the industrial society and social stratification is going according to welfare standards, the middle class formation must go according to classic criteria, features and principles. At the same time it’s necessary to take into consideration peculiarities of the nature and characteristics of the middle class in the process of its originating, and also prospective functions and tasks of the middle class implied by the strategic aims of the transformation. It’s been suggested philosophical idea of the middle class development in Ukraine on the basis of competition and partnership interactions. It has been theoretically worked out the mechanism of the middle class formation on the principles of social consensus resulting from attracting positive potential of attributes of the optimal competition and partnership interactions as a condition of solving social contradictions. Among such attributes there is tolerance, dialogue, compromise, harmony. Interaction of the vertical of the power (state) and the horizontal of communications (civil society in the system of social coordinates) enables practical realization of the mechanism of social consensus. It’s proved the necessity of conducting effective social policy by the state vertical for providing certain niches for prospective middle class development through the local government institutes.