"Я-автора", авторська позиція у російській прозі останньої третини ХХ ст.: історико-літературний аспект

Abstract

У дисертації в історико-літературному аспекті досліджено «Я-автора», авторську позицію у російській прозі останньої третини XX ст. через розкриття відносин, понять «Я-автора» та «авторська самосвідомість. З’ясовано ступінь вивчення авторської позиції у літературознавстві. Виявлено міру тотожності/нетотожності понять образ автора і «Я-автора» та простежено історичний розвиток «Я» російської літератури нової та новітньої доби. Визначено роль суб’єктивної пам’яті в організації тексту. Значну увагу в дисертації приділено розгляду функцій «Я-автора» у структурі і художній системі творів російської прози останньої третини XX ст. (В. Астаф’єв, В. Распутін, О. Єрмаков та ін.) та художньо-документальній прозі (К. Симонов, Д. Гранін, О. Адамович, О. Солженіцин) у контексті літературного процесу та історико-соціальних змін.

В диссертации в историко-литературном аспекте исследованы «Я-автора», авторская позиция в русской прозе последней трети XX в. через раскрытие отношений, понятий «Я-автора» и «авторское самосознание. Выяснена степень изучения авторской позиции в литературоведении. Выявлено меру сходства / несходства понятий образ автора и «Я-автора», прослежено историческое развитие «Я» русской литературы новой и новейшей эпохи. Определена роль субъективной памяти в организации текста. Значительное внимание в диссертации уделено рассмотрению функций «Я-автора» в структуре и художественной системе произведений русской прозы последней трети XX в. (В. Астафьев, В. Распутин, О. Ермаков и др.) и художественно-документальной прозе (К. Симонов, Д. Гранин, А. Адамович, А. Солженицын) в контексте литературного процесса и историко-социальных изменений.

The thesis is a historical and literary perspective explored by «The author’s I» author's position in the Russian prose of the last third of the twentieth century. Through the disclosure of relationships, the concepts of self-author 'and' author's identity. It’s proved that «The author’s I» as a form of expression of the author's position has become especially important and has become a kind of sign of Russian prose of the last third of the twentieth century. The analysis stated that the problem of the author, his position and identity is a key in modern literature and seen mostly in theoretical terms, while historical and literary plans attracted less attention. The identity / nonidentical concept image of the author and «The author’s 1» are revealed. It is proved that in some works - where there is a story - «The author’s I» acts like «The hero’s I» and directly is included in images. In others, where the exposition is objectively epic (from the third person), it is close to the image of the author and is found primarily because of his position. «The author’s I» of the text and image of the author may not coincide and be in tune. The historical development of the «I» of Russian literature new and the modern era is traced . It was found that the story in «I» -form is very old as in the ancient and in world literature. In the history of the literary process «I» changes its characteristics; role in the structure of the artistic in whole, through different positions of the characters and events; attitude of «The author’s I» engaged in a dialogue, direct or indirect. «I» is determined by its literary narrative functions at different points in the process. It is confirmed that subjective memory plays an important role in the literary work, particularly in the self-creation of a literary text. Most clearly is expressed in nonfiction by «I am the author». It is an integral part of the writer-realist’s creative personality and structure-factor in the text of which is the way to the comprehensiveness of objective vision of the world. Much attention is paid to the observation «The author's I» functions in the structure and system of Russian prose works of the last third of the twentieth century (V. Astafjev, V. Rasputin A. Yermakov etc.) and artistic and documentary prose (K. Simonov, D. Granin, A. Adamovich, O. Solzhenitsyn) in the context of literary process and historical and social changes. On the basis of the analytical consideration of texts it’s proved that the literary phenomenon of Russian literature of the last third of the twentieth century, including works «Different Days of War», «By human eyes of my generation» of K. Simonov, «Merry soldier» of V. Astafjeva. etc., these are notable that the authors appear as creators on the one hand, and researchers on the other. The narrative strategy is realized differently by the help of «The author’s I». One type of «The author’s I» is over events and at some point «breaks» in the structure of the text, where is revealed his attitude to the events. The other is outside, follows the events along with events, from the depths of events. «The author’s I» of documentary and fiction-documentary genres is many-sided. He is the witness, analyst, researcher and historian. «The author’s I» is always directed by fact.