Изложены возрастные особенности зрения учеников 6 – 7 лет, которые обостряют проблему близорукости среди школьников. Повышенный уровень, а также специфика зрительных нагрузок в школе, накладываясь на естественный ход рефрактогенеза, провоцирует формирование миопической рефракции глаза детей. Это заставляет искать пути оздоровления учебного труда средствами зрительного тренинга в начальный период школьного обучения.
Викладені вікові особливості зору учнів 6 – 7 років, які загострюють проблему короткозорості серед школярів. Підвищений рівень, а також специфіка зорових навантажень у школі, накладаючись на природній хід рефрактогенезу, провокує формування міопічної рефракції ока дітей. Це спонукає шукати шляхи оздоровлення навчальної праці засобами зорового тренінгу у початковий період шкільного навчання.
The aim of the research is to justify the therapeutic and developing training possibility and necessity at the period of children adaptation to the near zone visual work. The following methods were applied to study 6-year-old primary school pupils visual analyzer functions. The near distance eye functioning was tested. Oculomotor muscles ergography that shows time-series identification of the nearest point (РР1) and near point of clear vision (РР2). Ergogram has been taken uniocularly with the help of a proximotor with a kymograph for 3 minutes. The test object (amid steady illumination) was an adjustable ground glass screen with an optotype – Landolt ring relevant to vision sharp 0,7 for the distance of 33 centimeters. 58 ergograms of 6-year-old children had been obtained and analyzed. General visual test was based on correction task methodology. 6-year-old children vision study was accomplished with the help of correction task table. As a result none of the normal age-determined visual function ergograms can be classified as the І etalon type. At the same time the ergograms of the ІІа type (Avetisov methodology) demonstrate certain characteristics with a tendency to be developed up to the І type. Reasonably sinuous amplitude characterizes the experiment final stage as well as relative regularity of РР1 and РР2 at ergograms extended fragments. Both groups amplitude value resembled accommodation reflex. Experimental group is illustrated mainly by ІІа type ergograms which is a result of ІІb и ІІІа types deviations. It results in visual efficiency increase which comes out of the schooling load visual component excessive exposure. The experimental group data is concentrated mostly within ІІа type ergograms. It proves the intense schooling saturation importance while adapting to school education. The 6-year-old children visual analyzer is the least human organ among those qualified for shooling education. The 6-year-old pupils schooling intensification demands education load visual component specific adaptation that leads to the eye myopia refraction. The experiment definitely justifies appropriateness of the visual efficiency special exercises provided for the elementary schooling.
