Молекулярні механізми регуляції процесів росту скелетних м’язів після фізичних тренувань

Abstract

В оглядовій роботі розкриті сучасні уявлення про молекулярні механізми регуляції процесів, що забезпечують гіпертрофію скелетних м’язів людини після фізичних тренувань. Показана регуляторна роль у цих процесах факторів росту, міостатинів, циклічних нуклеотидів, Са2+, ферментів – протеїнкіназ, активних форм кисню та оксиду азоту, факторів транскрипції.

В обзорной работе раскрыты современные представления о молекулярных механизмах регуляции процессов, обеспечивающих гипертрофию скелетных мышц человека после физических тренировок. Показана регуляторная роль в этих процессах факторов роста,миостатина, циклічних нуклеотидів, Ca2+, ферментов - протеинкиназ, активных форм кислорода и оксида азота, факторов транскрипции.

The review revealed the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of providing hypertrophy and of the human skeletal muscles after physical exercise. It shows the regulatory role in these processes of growth factors, myostatin, cyclic nucleotides, Ca2 +, enzymes - protein kinases, reactive oxygen and nitrogen oxide, transcription factors. Opening of alarm ways of adjusting of processes of synthesis of albumens in skeletal muscles during the physical trainings has a large theoretical and practical value, as through the regulator mechanisms of exchange of albumens it is possible koreguvati growth of muscles, priskoryuvati their renewal after damages and conduct a fight against illnesses of muscles (by myotonias, atrofiyami). Separate people have knowledge of time of development and completion of processes of hypertrophy after the executed loading, sizes of hypertrophy will be instrumental in the improvement of the systems of trainings, estimation of the real individual possibilities of sportsmen. Along from it in practice of modern sport possibility of the use of new kind appeared to the stimulant - gene a stimulant the action of which is related to influence on the mechanisms of adjusting of synthesis of albumens with the purpose of acceleration of myopachynsis even without the physical trainings. Under act of the physical loadings the different alarm ways of adjusting of processes of synthesis of albumens which can influence on transkripciyniy and translyaciyniy levels are activated in the skeletal muscles of man. Plugging of them in adjusting of adaptation processes depends on the specific of the physical loadings, trained of organism and increase a specific feed. After the power loadings mainly alarm ways are included with participation of enzymes of mtor proteinkinaz, through which adjusting of synthesis of myofibrillar and structural albumens will be realized in skeletal muscles, that makes basis of myofibrillar hypertrophy.