Формування наукових понять з біології в учнів класів медико-біологічного профілю

Abstract

У дисертації досліджується проблема формування наукових понять в учнів середніх шкіл, гімназій, ліцеїв медико-біологічного напрямку, яка розглядається як суттєва складова профільної підготовки майбутніх фахівців. Поглиблене навчання біології пов’язано з формуванням природничо-наукової картини світу, необхідною складовою якої є сформованість наукових понять. Розроблено та теоретично обґрунтовано методику, зміст, форми і методи формування наукових понять з біології в учнів профільних класів, належні педагогічні умови цього процесу. У дослідженні експериментально доведено, що успішному формуванню наукових понять з біології в учнів класів медико-біологічного профілю сприяє блоково-модульна форма організації навчання, систематичне застосування різнорівневих навчальних завдань, навчально-творчих завдань, правил наукової організації праці.

This study contains three parts. The first chapter “The theoretical and methodological basis of biological notions’ formation in natural sciences” deals with the problem of formation of scientific notions’ and psycho-physiological mechanisms of their formatting as well as with the one of the profile training organizing in Ukraine and abroad the basing the literature data. The analysis of the contemporary natural sciences development showed it to be characterized by the processes of integration and the ones of forming the interdisciplinary complex followed by the increasing range the scientific concepts to be understood by pupils. According to the Conception of profile training of pupils of secondary schools the program of modern education deals with the personal orientation in teaching which provides the development and the selforganization of a pupil depending on his individual features and his subject activity. As to the conditions of mastering the scientific concepts the most important ones were shown to be the prevailing motivations for studying. Methodological basis, forms and methods of formation of biological concepts, criteria of estimation of levels of formation of scientific notions and pedagogical conditions of this process are worked out in the second part of this search. As to this study the formation of scientific notions is based on the stage process of factual, abstract and creative tasks’ giving. Among the pedagogical conditions of forming the scientific biological notions there are: the teaching and educational process’ organizing on purpose of improving the children’s mental abilities due to their psycho-physiological ones as well as the personal features’ revealing, the motivation of adopting the new scientific notions, the connection between the concepts, the realization of the principles of continuity and consecution in the formation of scientific notions, the phased formatting of notions and using the different forms of activities for encouraging the pupils’ creativity. The results of the experimental study were obtained in two categories: the studying of the block-and-module method efficiency and the estimation of the level of formation of the scientific notions of higher school pupils. The worked out experimental block-and-module method contains the block divided material and notional component, and the one of the various teaching methods of systematic using of different leveled educational and creative tasks. Basing the results of the study the special programs “Physiology of the human body” and “The evolutional biology. Plants” were adopted for the curriculum of the secondary school profile training. The obtained results of estimating the level of formation of scientific notions of pupils showed the efficiency of the studied methods. The constant and successive level’ rising was shown for the pupils of the control groups though the high level of formation of scientific biological notions was proved for the studied group due to the rising motivation of the pupils of medico-biological type classes. Methodological recommendations based on the experimental materials are used by biology teachers for biological concept formation in the secondary schools of the profile training.