Щоденники О. Довженка та А. Любченка як феномен української мемуаристики ХХ століття (змістова парадигма і жанрова природа)

Abstract

У дисертації досліджено структуру та зміст щоденників А. Любченка та О. Довженка, розкрито ідейно-тематичну парадигму та жанрову, композиційну, наратологічну, характерокреаційну і стильову специфіку записів. На основі системного і порівняльного аналізу щоденникових записів митців у контексті розвитку європейського щоденникарства ХХ ст. виявлено зв’язок світогляду та творчої манери митців і жанрових ознак щоденника. З’ясовано ідейно-естетичні витоки, інтелектуально-гуманні первні, джерела щоденникарської творчості А. Любченка та О. Довженка. Особливу увагу приділено виявленню екзистенціальної сутності щоденника як жанру мемуаристики на прикладі записів А. Любченка та О. Довженка. Детально розглянуто специфіку реалізації фундаментальних екзистенційних мотивів на сторінках їхніх творів. Проаналізовано жанрово-композиційної полівалентності щоденникових записів письменників. Окреслено способи створення авторського «Я» й особливості літературної презентації образу автора-наратора в щоденникових записах А. Любченка та О. Довженка. Охарактеризовано мовностильові особливості щоденникарської манери письменників.

The research of the A. Liubchenko’s and O. Dovzhenko’s diaries in the context of the advancement of the European diary and memoirs as the phenomenon of the Ukrainian literature is pioneered in the dissertation. The structure and content of the A. Liubchenko’s and O. Dovzhenko’s diaries have been comprehensively studied, the specifics of ideological and thematic paradigm as well as the features in genre, composition, narration, stylistic and the creation of characters in their diaries is revealed. The function and specific character of the diary genre in the Ukrainian literature, the phenomenon of the Ukrainian fiction memoir as a version of literary creativity, and the peculiarities of the content and form of the A. Liubchenco’s and O. Dovzhenko’s diaries in particular are represented on the basis of a system analysis of the dairy entries. During the research the specific features of the memoir literature have been clarified, the genre forms of the ‘literature of fact’ have been defined, the diary genre taxonomy has been verified and the features of a diary as a genre have been systematized. The stages of the advancement of the manner for writing diaries by the Ukrainian writers as an epic narration of the old and modern Ukrainian literature have been researched. Based on the system and comparative analysis of the writers’ diary entries in the context of the European diary of the 20th century the link between the world outlooks and creative manners of A. Liubchenko and O. Dovzhenko is discover. The ideological and aesthetic, intellectual and humane origin of the sources of keeping the diaries in a creative manner by the writers have been defined. The particular attention has been paid to the identification of the existential essence of the diary as a genre of memoirs having been demonstrated with the A. Liubchenko’s and O. Dovzhenko’s diary entries. The fundamental existential motives (the existential of suffering, death, absurdity, loneliness) have been differentiated and the specific features of their implementation in the chapters of the diary entries being analysed have been considered regarding the interrelation and polyphony of motives, micromotives, synonymous motives, the application of marker words, the leitmotif technique, the mythologems of road, heart and home, the mythological and Biblical images. 21 The ‘Ukraine’ concept and the ways of representing the theme of historical destiny of the Ukrainian culture in the A. Liubchenko’s and O. Dovzhenko’s diaries were explored. It is determined that the existence of Ukraine has been reproduced as an existential condition of ‘existence-in-death’ and ‘existence-towards-death’ with the dominant motive of existential loneliness/alienation and existential suffering characterized by the Biblical intention of both writers. The genre-and-composition features of the writers’ diaries characterized by the theme polyvalence and microgenre polyphony with the elements of fiction and nonfiction literature have been analysed. On the basis of the plot and composition analysis it has been determined that the O. Dovzhenko’s diary entries are fictionalin terms of factography, and historical-and-autobiographical, but the A. Liubchenko’s diary is both fictional-and-factographical and historical in terms of autobiography. Particular attention has been paid to the structural and compositional features of the diaries of both writers which demonstrate the interrelation of manners for writing diaries of the writers with the basics of ‘the romance of vitaism’ and existentialism. The ways to create the author’s ‘I’ and the features of the literary presentation of the image of an author and narrator and of the person’s image in the A. Liubchenko’s and O. Dovzhenko’s diary entries has been identified. It has been determined that the image of the author and narrator is revealed with the direct and indirect forms of the author’s self-expression, implicitly and explicitly through the combination of factographical-and-biographical, ideological-and-sensual criteria, and the way of the author-and-narrator’s realizationrepresents various narrative types of storytellers, namely a heterodiegetic narrator in an intradiegetic situation in the O. Dovzhenko’s diary entries and a gomodiegetic narrator in an intradiegetic situation in the A. Liubchenko’s diary enties. The linguistic and stylistic features of the manner for writing diaries by the given authors which represent their individual world outlooks and their axiologically sensual perception showing the author's orientation to the range in the O. Dovzhenko’s depictions and to representing the axiological attitude of the author-and-narrator to various life aspects by A. Liubchenko have been described. On the basis of the complex analysis of the A. Liubchenko’s and O. Dovzhenko’s diaries it has been recognized that the conceptuality of the diary entries is presented by the synthesis of dominant philosophical-and-existential motives, artistic images, myphologems, artistic techniques, the genre features of a diary, linguistics, stylistics and the individual style of the writers.