Формування рухових умінь і навичок професійної спрямованості майбутніх фахівців інформаційних технологій у процесі фізичного виховання

Abstract

У дисертаційному досліджені виявлено, теоретично обґрунтовано та експериментально перевірено методику формування рухових умінь і навичок професійної спрямованості студентів інформаційних спеціальностей на основі урахування статі та особливостей майбутньої спеціальності. Розроблено модель системи управління професійною готовністю майбутніх фахівців інформаційних технологій закладів вищої освіти. Виявлено й обґрунтовано взаємозв’язок рівня розвитку спеціальних рухових здібностей та психофункціональних характеристик організму з успішністю оволодіння професійними уміннями й навичками здобувачів вищої освіти у сфері інформаційних технологій. Визначено критерії оцінювання рівня розвитку рухових умінь і навичок професійної спрямованості та на цій основі розроблено структуру комплексного контролю навчальних досягнень майбутніх фахівців інформаційних технологій на заняттях з фізичного виховання. Науково обґрунтовано методику навчання рухових умінь і навичок професійної спрямованості майбутніх фахівців інформаційних технологій у процесі фізичного виховання з урахуванням статі та майбутньої спеціальності, удосконалено організацію занять з фізичного виховання майбутніх студентів у сфері інформаційних технологій з урахуванням особливостей їх професійної діяльності та статі.

The theoretical analysis allows us to establish that the specifics of the professional activities of future information technology specialists are determined by the development of motor qualities of higher education students and the peculiarities of the psyche, which form the basis of professional movements and are of great importance for the successful professional training of students of information specialties. The results of the ascertainment stage of the pedagogical experiment made it possible to determine and confirm the existing data that the indicators of somatic health and motor readiness of students of higher education institutions are in the range from low to average. In particular, boys with low, below average and average levels of somatic health make up 94%, girls 91%, while students with an above average level of health make up 6%, female students 9%, and with a high level of health not found at all. As for physical fitness, 81% of young men have a level ranging from low to average, 19% have a level of development of motor qualities above average, and students who correspond to a high level of physical fitness were not found at all. In the range from low to medium level of development of physical qualities, 86% of girls appear, students with a level of physical fitness above average - 14%, and the number of girls with a high level of development of motor qualities is completely absent. Determination of psychophysical qualities of professional orientation and correlation of their development with the level of success in professionally oriented disciplines made it possible to reveal the structure of special motor training of students of information majors according to gender and future major. Thus, the professionally significant indicators of young people studying for the 121 software engineering specialty are visual information processing speed, static balance, vestibular stability, time orientation, frequency of upper limb movements, memory and attention intensity (p≤0.05); girls in this specialty - frequency of upper limb movements, feeling of muscle effort, static balance, vestibular stability, speed of processing visual information, intensity, accuracy of reproduction of time intervals, attention and memory (p≤0.05). As for young people who are studying in the specialty 123 Computer Engineering, the most significant indicators that influence the formation of students' professional orientation skills and abilities are distance differentiation, memory, static balance, vestibular stability and time orientation, (p≤0 .05); girls in this specialty - accuracy of reproduction of time intervals, speed of visual information processing, intensity of attention and memory, frequency of upper limb movements, feeling of effort, static balance, vestibular stability, (p≤0.05). The method of formation of motor skills and professional orientation skills of future information technology specialists was developed and theoretically substantiated, taking into account gender and future specialty. Increasing the effectiveness of the process of special motor training is conditioned by compliance with the following pedagogical conditions: the use of an individual approach based on the differentiation of higher education applicants by gender and age; optimal planning of the content of the training program in physical education due to the use of professionally oriented exercises; reasonable organization of classes on physical education as a whole and its individual parts; improvement of motor abilities and a system of evaluation according to the level of their manifestation, a comprehensive approach to control, which involves the development of educational programs for physical education, which include specialized methods, the presence of pedagogical control and their evaluation. In addition, the structure of the modular rating system for evaluating the success of higher education graduates in the discipline "Physical Education" was created based on the developed criteria for evaluating the level of special motor training of future information technology specialists. The results of the formative stage of the pedagogical experiment established positive dynamics of the level of special motor training of students of higher education in information specialties. Thus, the improvement of indicators of vestibular stability of student youth in the experimental group is 12.3% in boys and 27.8% in girls (p≤0.05), while in the control group - 1.8% and 0%, respectively (p≥0, 05); the improvement of static balance indicators of higher education students in the experimental group is 19.4% in male students and 8.7% in female students (p≤0.05), while in the control group - 2.1% and 2.7%, respectively (p≥0 .05); the increase in the accuracy of reproduction of muscular efforts of student youth in the experimental group is 12.1% in boys and 15.2% in girls (p≤0.05), while in the control group it is 3.6% and -5.4%, respectively (p≥0.05). Regarding the improvement of the accuracy of reproduction of time intervals, in the experimental group it is 13.9% in male students and 13.8% in female students (p≤0.05), while in the students of higher education in the control group - respectively 0% (p≥0 .05) and 8.3% (p≤0.05); the increase in the spatial orientation accuracy indicators of students of the experimental group is 14.7% in boys and 13.9% in girls (p≤0.05), while in the control group it is -20% (p≥0.05) and 12.5% respectively % (p≤0.05). In addition, female students of information majors in the experimental group significantly improved the frequency of upper limb movements (7.2% at p≤0.05), while no changes were detected in the control group (0% at p≥0.05). In addition, the developed technique does not worsen the indicators of somatic health and the level of physical fitness of future information technology specialists. Improving the educational process of physical education makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the professional training of students of information majors. Thus, the analysis of the success rate of future information technology specialists in professionally oriented disciplines showed that the level of professional success rate of young men in the experimental group increased by 10.1%, and that of girls - by 7.2% (p≤0.05), while students of the control group by only 6.8% and 3.4%, respectively (p≥0.05). At the same time, as a result of the study, it was established that the application of the technique of formation of motor skills and skills of a professional orientation in physical education classes significantly improved the effectiveness of the formation of professionally significant skills and abilities of students of higher education in information specialties.