У дисертації розкрито понятійний апарат, окреслено періоди та етапи становлення системи соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, у Великій Британії (друга пол. XX - початок XXI ст.); проаналізовано нормативно-правове забезпечення країни щодо здійснення соціального захисту означеної категорії дітей. Схарактеризовано особливості форм улаштування дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, у Великій Британії (усиновлення, фостерна та інституційна опіка); визначено місце і роль агенцій у системі соціального захисту дітей; обгрунтовано ефективність різних видів фостерної сім’ї; здійснено порівняльний аналіз основних механізмів соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, у Великій Британії та Україні, вивчено можливість використання досвіду Великої Британії у вітчизняній соціально-педагогічній роботі.
В диссертации раскрыт понятийный аппарат, описаны периоды и этапы становления системы социальной защиты детей-сирот и детей, лишенных родительской заботы, в Великобритании (вторая пол. XX - начало XXI в.); проанализировано нормативно-правовое обеспечение страны относительно осуществления социальной защиты указанной категории детей. Охарактеризованы особенности форм устройства детей-сирот и детей, лишенных родительской опеки, в Великобритании (усыновление, фостерная, а также институциональная опека); определено место и роль агентств в системе социальной защиты детей; обоснована эффективность разных видов фостерной семьи; осуществлен сравнительный анализ основных механизмов социальной защиты детей-сирот и детей, лишенных родительской опеки, в Великобритании и Украине, изучены возможности использования опыта Великобритании в отечественной социально-педагогической работе.
The thesis is dedicated to orphans and children deprived of parental care social protection in Great Britain (late of X X -early of XXI century). Theoretical analysis of foreign psychological and pedagogical research of the problem is performed, the theoretical bases of orphans and children deprived of parental care social protection in Great Britain is outlined. The establishment of the process of orphans and children deprived of parental care social protection system of is analysed. The basic laws concerning social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care are investigated in the research. The author surveyed retrospective analyses of child welfare system establishment in Great Britain. The author pointed out the following historical periods: origin, decline, improvement, reformation, innovation. Each period of orphans and children deprived of parental care social protection in Great Britain appeared as a result of emerging needs of society, changes and reinterpretation of social thought concerning this problem. While examining the innovative period of child welfare system (late of XX - early of XXI century), the author subdivides it into the following stages: stage of social changes, of radical changes, of reinterpreting, of improvement and productive changes. Besides the author highlights contents of each and proves that all of them were the factors of modern children welfare formation. The content of British legislation (of late XX - early of XXI century) and the experience of orphans and children deprived of parental care are generalized. It was noted that the main laws and documents British children welfare system governs are: Convention of Children Rights. The Children and Young Persons Act (1963, 1969), Children Act (1989), Arrangements for Placement of Children (General) Regulations (1991), UK National Standards for Foster Care (1999), Children (Living Care) Act (2002). The peculiarities of experience and basic components of orphans and children deprived of parental care social protection system in Great Britain are analyzed. It is stated that the current structure of social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care in Great Britain has 3 levels: national, regional and local, which are under control and closely interconnected. The place and role of agencies in the social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care system in Great Britain is highlighted. The largest of them are British Association of Adoption and Fostering and Foster Care Agency. Their aim is to match children in need with foster (or future adoptive parents), to educate future (foster or adoptive) parents, to support them etc. It was found out that social policy is aimed at searching effective forms of placements for orphans and children deprived of parental care. Adoptions, family care, foster care and with biological family reunion are supported by current British social policy. Classification of British foster families based on the principles of time, the category of addressees, content and conditions of receiving were developed. The objective possibility of British social protection experience of orphans and children deprived of parental care transformation to Ukrainian welfare system is defined and substantiated. The comparative analysis of basic mechanisms of social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care in the UK (late of XX - early of XXI century) and Ukraine is explored. The implementation of some progressive aspects of orphans and children deprived of parental care welfare in the UK into social and educational work of Ukraine is offered. The following aspects of child welfare system may be implemented in Ukraine: different types of family forms of accommodation (according to the needs of a child), children hearing system, motivation of foster families creation and kinds of foster parents support. We believe that special attention should be paid to “bridging” British family that helps to prepare the child for independent living, help to adapt to society after leaving care, to make a family, and to get a speciality. It is noted that the innovative types of accommodation for children in need that may be successfully implemented into the Ukrainian welfare system is introducing “short break” foster family which takes care of children with special needs. This type of care will help to maintain emotional and mental health of the biological parents or guardians, restore their health and prevent their exhaustion. Ukrainian foster care system transition to the level of social institutions (as in Great Britain) will help to avoid “hidden adoption”. Organization and training of foster parents for work with various children categories (children with special needs, with illnesses, with deviant behaviour, with adolescents and young offenders) is of great value.
