Новозавітна теологія учнівства та її актуалізація в сучасних євангельських практиках

Abstract

Уперше в українському богослов’ї здійснено цілісний аналіз новозавітного богослов’я учнівства в дискуртеологиясі двох новозавітних моделей: учнівство в контексті стосунків Ісуса і учнів та учнівство апостола Павла. Здійснено аналіз та синтез новозавітних текстів, використовуючи герменевтику учнівства. Визначено основні теоретичні положення концепції учнівства з перспективою практичного застосування. Виявлено, що сучасні євангельські чинні та новоутворені практики учнівства не відповідають новозавітній ідеальній моделі учнівства, оскільки втілюють тільки деякі теоретичні і практичні аспекти новозавітного учнівства, або функціонують поза еклезіологічною спільнотою. Єдина можливість виконати новозавітний ідеал – інтегрувати всі сучасні практики в одне цілісне явище. Запропоновано перспективу відновлення новозавітного учнівства з еклезіологічного погляду, а також програму втілення цілісного учнівства як сучасну спробу відновити новозавітне учнівство в контексті еклезії, яке здатне трансформувати суспільство, враховуючи особливості постмодерну, глобалізації та постсекуляризації.

Впервые в украинском богословии осуществлен целостный анализ новозаветного богословия ученичества в дискурсе двух новозаветных моделей: ученичество в контексте отношений Иисуса и учеников и ученичество апостола Павла. Осуществлен анализ и синтез новозаветных текстов с использованием герменевтики ученичества. Определены основные теоретические положения концепции ученичества с перспективой практического применения. Определено, что современные евангельские действующие и возникающие практики ученичества не соответствуют новозаветной идеальной модели ученичества, так как представляют и олицетворяют только некоторые теоретические и практические аспекты новозаветного ученичества, или функционируют вне экклезиологического сообщества. Единственная возможность выполнить новозаветный идеал – интегрировать все современные практики в одно целостное явление. Предлагается перспектива восстановления новозаветного ученичества с экклезиологической точки зрения, а также программа реализации целостного ученичества как современная попытка восстановить новозаветное ученичество в контексте еклезии, которое способно трансформировать общество, учитывая особенности постмодерна, глобализации и постсекуляризации.

For the first time in national theology, a holistic analysis of the New Testament theology of discipleship has been carried out as a discourse of two New Testament models: discipleship in the context of the relationship of Jesus and the disciples, and the teaching and discipleship of the Apostle Paul. An analysis and synthesis of New Testament texts was made using the hermeneutics of discipleship. The basic theoretical principles of the concept of discipleship are determined from the perspective of practical application. The study of New Testament discipleship was carried out on the basis of the hypothesis and methodology proposed by Alasdair MacIntyre in his study of the philosophy of morality. The idea of a return to a holistic understanding of the phenomenon is accomplished by comprehending the three stages of its development: flourishing, decline, and renewal, was applied in the context of the study of a New Testament theology of discipleship. The “flourishing” stage of discipleship in the New Testament text is related to the ideal model of Christ and its embodiment in two basic models of discipleship, the model in the context of the relationship of Jesus and the disciples, and the model of Paul. The main components of the ideal model of New Testament discipleship, recorded in Matthew 28:18-20, are the spiritual power of teaching, missionary activity, baptism, teaching, ordination, and the promise of divine presence. Discipleship is the pursuit of Christ both personally and in the community of disciples. Discipleship is not only a spiritual connection with Christ, but also a connection with a real teacher. It has a doxological, a trinitarian, and an ecclesiological dimension. Understanding the embodiment of the ideal model of discipleship in Paul's work has led to the theological assumption that discipleship is a significant accent in his theology. Decline in discipleship is a collection of church events and occurrences that gradually threatened the disappearance of discipleship. The latter did not disappear, but was transformed and for various reasons was split into separate practices. After the decline of discipleship in the history of the church, there were attempts to restore it. The Reformation processes of the XVI century gave grounds for restoring ideas about the church based on the model of the New Testament, which became the basis for the restoration of discipleship in the future. The evangelical community is experiencing a church and educational crisis due to the fact that the church has ceased to fulfill the last command of Christ: to make all people disciples. Consequently, the main feature of the present is precisely the anticipation of change. Among many modern evangelical practices, existing and newly created practices of discipleship are identified. They may also be called modern Christian discipleship, which is simply the likeness of New Testament discipleship and the attempt to modernize it. Modern practices are capable of embodying only a few aspects of discipleship or engaging in activities beyond the ecclesiological community. The only possibility for the renewal of New Testament discipleship is the integration of all modern practices into a holistic phenomenon in the context of a concrete ecclesiological community that takes into account the experience gained and contemporary conditions, and does not exceed ecclesiological boundaries. For the restoration of discipleship, transformation within the church is necessary. The restoration of interpersonal relations between a teacher and a student in the context of the restoration of holistic discipleship is necessary, in contrast to the postmodern idea of personal freedom and independence. The relationship between a teacher and a disciple in Christ is the heart of discipleship; in turn, disciples are the heart of the church. The goal of holistic discipleship is the transformation of the evangelical community and the surrounding society.