Організація самостійної роботи майбутніх вчителів технологій в процесі виконання фізичних експериментів

Abstract

В роботі наголошено на необхідності розробки методики навчання загальної фізики майбутніх вчителів технологій, спрямованої на організацію самостійної роботи в процесі виконання фізичних експериментів, оскільки фізика є теоретичною базою інженерно-технічної підготовки. Виконання демонстраційних фізичних експериментів, лабораторних робіт, домашніх фізичних експериментів і спостережень, створених на основі запропонованих авторами методичних засад, сприяє міцному засвоєнню студентами курсу загальної фізики та оптимізації їх самостійної роботи.

The paper emphasizes the need to develop a methodology for teachingstudents general physics, which is aimed at organizing independent work in the process of performing physical experiments, since physics is the theoretical basis of engineering and technical training. The article provides an analysis of the State National Program “Education” (“Ukraine XXI Century”), the National Doctrine of Education Development, the National Strategy for the Development of Education in Ukraine for 2012–2021, in which the need to create the prerequisites for the formation of students’ abilities and skills to an independent scientific cognition, self-education, independent application of knowledge in non-standard situations is indicated. Independent work in a higher educationinstitution is an effective form of educational activity, in the process of which students are most likely to adopt and master new knowledge in physics and its application in the performance of physical experiments. The system of demonstration physical experiments, laboratory work, home physical experiments and observations contributes to a deep understanding and mastering the theory of the general physics courseby students and the formation of experimental skills and abilities. Students' performance of the above-mentioned educational and experimental studies is based on the implementation of a subject-activity approach with elements of problem learning and contributes to optimizing the independent work of future technology teachers. Students make a development plan and an algorithm for performing a demonstration physical experiment, determine and select the necessary equipment, prepare a theoretical explanation of the lecture demonstration. At the same time students independently master the course of general physics, while applying knowledge in practice in order to achieve the final result, that is, the development of a demonstration experiment. In order to optimize the independent work during the implementation of laboratory work by the students of “Technological Education” program, we propose to introducethe level laboratory work in the educational process, that is, from laboratory work, which contain all the necessary elements in the protocols and students should only get the final result of the research (corresponding to the first - the lowest level of complexity) to laboratory work, which contain only a formulated problem situation, on the basis of which students should independently develop work protocol and get the final result of research (corresponding to the fifth - the highest level of complexity).