Система моніторингу функціональних можливостей студентів вищих навчальних закладів у процесі фізичного виховання

Abstract

У дисертації вперше розроблено, науково обґрунтовано, експериментально перевірено та впроваджено систему моніторингу функціональних можливостей студентів вищих навчальних закладів у навчально-виховному процесі фізичного виховання. Визначено сутність і нові концептуальні напрями модернізації системи моніторингу функціональних можливостей студентів вищих навчальних закладів; розроблено та обґрунтовано комплексний моніторинг функціональних можливостей студентів вищих навчальних закладів під час навчально-виховного процесу фізичного виховання на основі показників фізичної підготовленості та функціонального тестування зі зміною потужності фізичного навантаження за замкненим циклом; теоретично обґрунтовано й експериментально перевірено організаційно-структурну модель комплексного моніторингу функціональних можливостей студентів у рамках навчально- виховного процесу фізичного виховання у системі вищої освіти; обґрунтовано можливість використання методики визначення функціональних можливостей студентів вищих навчальних закладів для оцінювання навчальних досягнень студентів у процесі занять з фізичного виховання; розроблено за всіма показниками моніторингу функціональних можливостей студентів вищих навчальних закладів нормативні таблиці; отримано факторну структуру функціональних можливостей студентів 17-19 років з урахуванням показників фізичного розвитку, фізичної підготовленості, фізичної працездатності, енергетичного рівня, серцево-судинної системи, ефективності регуляції серцевої діяльності та показників центральної нервової системи.

В диссертации впервые разработана, научно обоснована, экспериментально проверена и внедрена система мониторинга функциональных возможностей студентов высших учебных заведений в рамках учебно-воспитательного процесса физического воспитания. Определена сущность и новые концептуальные направления модернизации системы мониторинга функциональных возможностей студентов высших учебных заведений; разработан и обоснован комплексный мониторинг функциональных возможностей студентов высших учебных заведений во время учебно-воспитательного процесса физического воспитания на основе показателей физической подготовленности и функционального тестирования с изменением мощности физической нагрузки по замкнутому циклу; теоретически обоснована и экспериментально проверена организационно-структурная модель комплексного мониторинга функциональных возможностей студентов в рамках учебно-воспитательного процесса физического воспитания в системе высшего образования; обоснована возможность использования методики определения функциональных возможностей студентов высших учебных заведений для оценивания учебных достижений студентов в процессе занятий по физическому воспитанию; разработаны по всем показателям мониторинга функциональных возможностей студентов высших учебных заведений нормативные таблицы; получена факторная структура функциональных возможностей студентов 17- 19 лет с учетом показателей физического развития, физической подготовленности, физической работоспособности, энергетического уровня, сердечно-сосудистой системы, эффективности регуляции сердечной деятельности и показателей центральной нервной системы.

The system for monitoring the functional capabilities of students in higher educational institutions in the educational process of physical education was firstly developed, scientifically substantiated, experimentally verified and implemented in thesis. The scientific novelty of the results was to obtain new and updated available data in direction of monitoring the functional capabilities of students of higher education institutions. For the first time: the essence and new conceptual directions of modernization of the monitoring system of the students’ functional capabilities in higher educational institutions are determined; the integrated monitoring of students’ functional possibilities in higher educational institutions during the educational process of physical education on the basis of indicators of physical preparedness and functional testing with changes of the physical activity power by a closed cycle was developed and substantiated. The organizationally-structured model of complex monitoring of students' functional capabilities in the framework of the educational process of physical education in the higher education system is theoretically substantiated and experimentally verified; the possibility of using the method of determining the students functional capabilities in higher educational establishments for estimation of academic achievements of students in the process of physical education classes is substantiated; were developed the normative tables by all indicators of monitoring the students’ functional capabilities in higher educational institutions; the factor structure of the students of 17-19 years the functional possibilities is received taking into account indicators of physical development, physical preparedness, physical capacity, energy level, cardiovascular system, the effectiveness of regulation of cardiac activity and indicators of the central nervous system. Improved the educational process of physical education in higher educational institutions. Received the further development of the assessment issue of the physical health state and approaches to monitoring the level of adaptation of the students body of higher educational institutions to physical activity. Theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the problem of monitoring the functional capabilities of students of higher educational institutions, generalization of empirical experience in assessing the level of students' functional capabilities and received results of experimental work allow us to formulate the conclusions. Among academics and practitioners there are controversial questions about different approaches to monitoring the functional capabilities of the younger generation due to some inaccuracies in obtaining results that do not take into account age-related changes occurring in the body of pupils and students. It is proved that in some cases, the methods of dosed by the power and duration of physical activity do not concede their informativeness in evaluating the functional capabilities of the methods of limiting and repetitive loads. By Professor Dmitry Nikolayevich Davydenko and his colleagues were offered functional testing, which allows recording the so-called "hysteresis loop" of physiological functions number with the estimation of numerous parameters reflecting the volume and speed of mobilization of organs’ reserves and organs’ systems, the efficiency and economy of the use the reserves of different structural levels. The practical use of appropriate functional testing in the area of monitoring functional capabilities and assessing the level of academic performance of students and students has become possible in recent times. In the literature available to us, there are no comprehensive studies of the functional capabilities of student youth, taking into account the results of physical fitness and appropriate functional testing. As a result of the study of the physical development of 17-19 years old students, average values were obtained, the distribution of which was within the age norms of both students and students. The analysis of the data obtained from the control exercises on the physical fitness of students showed a negative trend of development of most motor qualities. On the basis of averages and standard deviations, normative standards for the assessment of physical development and physical fitness were developed that allowed distribution of test results by five levels: low; below average; average; above average and high level. Results of correlation and factor analysis of functional tests with the change of power exercise in a closed cycle, physical development, physical fitness, cardiovascular and central parameters and the body of students in different states indicate the presence of significant variables that determine the structure features of the organism of 17-19 years old students. Studying the factor structure of students' functional abilities, taking into account the parameters obtained with the physical exercise in a closed cycle, has not been performed before. Based on correlation and factor analysis, the criteria functionality integrated assessment of students and academic achievements of students from discipline "Physical Education". Submitted the 5-point scale assessment, which makes it possible to quantify the level of functionality, learning discipline "Physical Education" and make a qualitative assessment of educational progress in the educational process of physical education. The appropriate scale is based on the average values of the parameters of the functionality and the standard deviation. Comprehensive evaluation was carried out using normative tables of physical fitness and functional testing. The created criteria of assessment allow to improve educational and work programs on discipline "physical education". An organizational and managerial model of integrated monitoring of the functional capabilities of students in higher educational institutions was formed. Practical recommendations for technology monitoring functionality and evaluating educational achievements of discipline "Physical Education" with ECTS scale and national scale. The pedagogical feasibility and educational efficiency of the proposed system for monitoring the functional capabilities of students in higher educational institutions in the educational process of physical education has been experimentally tested. The analysis of the results of the complex pedagogical experiment showed at the stage of its completion a high level of effectiveness of the monitoring of the students’ functional capabilities of the experimental group is beyond doubt. Appropriate monitoring based on two-level functional testing with a change in closed-loop physical activity and battery life-cycle tests has a significant advantage in terms of accuracy, informativeness of the received data and the safety of tests for students' health compared to traditional monitoring technologies.