Філософії історії і постнекласична методологія

Abstract

У статті доводиться, що із виникненням методології історичної глобалістики, історичної проекції геополітичних ідей, “світ-системної” теорії змінюється характер постнекласичної методології. Основною відмінністю цих теорій є осмислення сучасних глобальних і транснаціональних процесів з точки зору ретроспективи 500 років всесвітньої історії.

Post non classical methodology is based on the thesis of the problematic nature of operating by entities which were traditionally viewed as a large-scale subject of history and the media of historical sense (people, nation, state, etc.). They are too abstract to be real actors of history in terms of thinking and acting. The possibility of constructing of the global historical schemes, concepts is determined as doubtful. Some functions of ideological philosophy of history (racial, class which were dealt with efforts to develop global projects) were partially shifted to other areas of social and scientific knowledge, especially in theoretical sociology. The methodology of historical globalization came into being as well as “world-system” theory and historical projection of geopolitical ideas. The main characteristic feature and difference among these theories is the understanding of contemporary global and transnational processes in terms of retro perspectives of 500 years of the world history. The methodology of the historical globalistics turns round the historians from essentially humanitarian knowledge to social sciences. This direction of research occurs under the conditions of actualization of cultural-historical approach and the supremacy the concept of historical relativism. Eurocentric, linear and strictly deterministic concepts of traditional philosophy of history are denied in the article. The theories of cultural anthropology and synergy are prepared together with its methodological tools. Hence socio-historical existence again becomes existentially open to different possibilities.