Виховання культури людських взаємин у розумово відсталих старшокласників засобами української літератури

Abstract

Дисертаційне дослідження присвячено проблемі виховання культури людських взаємин у розумово відсталих старшокласників засобами української літератури. Визначено сутність поняття «культура людських взаємин розумово відсталих старшокласників»; обґрунтовано значення української літератури як важливого засобу виховання культури людських взаємин учнів означеної нозології; проаналізовано сучасний стан роботи з виховання культури людських взаємин в процесі навчальної та позаурочної діяльності спеціальної школи. Виявлено особливості сформованості в учнів сьомих і дев’ятих класів спеціальної школи культури людських взаємин, визначено її рівні. Окреслено педагогічні умови забезпечення ефективності процесу виховання культури людських взаємин у розумово відсталих старшокласників засобами української літератури. Здійснено розробку й апробацію методики корекційної роботи з виховання у розумово відсталих старшокласників культури людських взаємин засобами української літератури, доведено її ефективність.

Диссертационное исследование посвящено проблеме воспитания культуры человеческих взаимоотношений у умственно отсталых старшеклассников средствами украинской литературы. Определена суть понятия «культура человеческих взаимоотношений умственно отсталых старшеклассников»; обосновано значение украинской литературы как важного средства воспитания культуры человеческих взаимоотношений учеников обозначенной нозологии, проанализировано современное состояние роботы по воспитанию культуры человеческих взаимоотношений в процессе учебной и внеурочной деятельности специальной школы. Выявлены характерные особенности сформированости культуры человеческих взаимоотношений у учащихся седьмых и девятых классов специальной школы, определены ее уровни. Определены педагогические условия обеспечения эффективности процесса воспитания культуры человеческих взаимоотношений у умственно отсталых старшеклассников средствами украинской литературы. Разработана и апробирована методика коррекционной работы по воспитанию культуры человеческих взаимоотношений средствами украинской литературы у учащихся старших классов специальной школы, доказана ее эффективность.

The dissertation thesis is devoted to the problem of upbringing the culture of human relations of the mentally retarded senior pupils by means of Ukrainian literature aimed at improving the ways of their adaptation, socialization and social integration into the modern society. According to the results of the analysis of the literature courses it is found out that the culture of human relations is the subject of a wide range of humanities such as philosophy, sociology, ethics, aesthetics, psychology and pedagogy, each of which examines its different aspects according to the subject of its research. It is established that the culture of human relations is based on thhe moral foundations that promotes the interactions among people on the subject-subject model, the content of which directly influences on the direction and nature of the needs, goals and interests of the individual. Based on the theoretical analysis of the scientific sources, the “culture of human relations of the mentally retarded senior pupils” we define as the integral formation of the pupil, which characterizes: conscious accumulation of knowledge of moral standards and traits of the personality, models of behavior accepted in the society; adequate capacity for emotional response, emotional and valuable attitude to moral qualities, actions and behavior of the subjects of interaction; independent observance of moral norms in the interpersonal interaction. Thus, upbringing the culture of human relations of the mentally retarded senior pupils lies in the line of the organically interrelated and interdependent components: cognitive, emotional-valuable, behavior-activity. The dissertation thesis summarizes the results of the studies of the peculiarities of some psychic processes of the pupils with intellectual disabilities who require correctional remedial efforts in the process of upbringing the cultures of human relationships. It is found out that the peculiarity of the cognitive, emotional and sensual spheres of the pupils greatly complicate this process. It is defined that the works of Ukrainian literature have to perform the leading role in upbringing the culture of human relations of the mentally retarded senior pupils. It is worked out the methods of the stating experiment and are presented the results of the analysis of the received data, the peculiarities of the formation of the culture of human relations of the pupils of the seventh and ninth forms of specialized school are defined, the level of the formation are assessed. The results of the stating analysis prove that the pupils of the seventh and ninth forms of specialized school have significantly lower rates of the formation of the culture of human relationships than the pupils of the seventh form of secondary comprehensive school have. At the same time generalization of the experimental data give grounds to state, on the one hand, – the presence of weakly expressed the positive dynamics in the state of the studied phenomenon, but on the other hand, – give grounds to find new ways and approaches to organizing the training-upbringing process aimed at performing an effective impact on the level of the formation of the culture of human relations of the mentally retarded senior pupils by means of Ukrainian literature. It is worked out the methods of correctional work of upbringing the culture of human relations of the mentally retarded senior pupils by means of Ukrainian literature, the pedagogical conditions are defines, it is highlighted its effectiveness. The experiment contains three units. The first unit involves working with pupils of the eighth and ninth forms of specialized school, which is directed to the gradual formation of the cognitive, emotional-valuable and behavior-activity components of the culture of human relations at the lessons of literary reading and during the extracurricular activities (the course “Steps of Kindness to the Beauty of Human Relations”, hours of communication). This unit is conventionally divided into three stages, the logic of which is based on the structural components of the culture of human relations. The second unit involves mastering the professional competence of pedagogues concerning the content, forms and methods of upbringing the culture of human relations of the mentally retarded senior pupils on the base of conducting the series of lectures-dialogues. The third unit is improving the overall pedagogical culture of parents, their awareness of the culture of human relations, acquaintance and analysis of the work of classical and modern Ukrainian literature aimed at involving parents to the use of its means in the process of upbringing the culture of human relations, developing the skills of effectively resolving the problem situations based on conducting lectures- dialogues. The received results of the research prove the positive dynamics in upbringing the culture of human relations of the mentally retarded senior pupils that indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed methods of correctional work.