Історична пам'ять як фактор політичного впливу в незалежній Україні

Abstract

У дисертації досліджено особливості розвитку історичної пам’яті як фактора політичного впливу. Теоретично обґрунтовано, що історична пам’ять може становити мету чи використовуватися як засіб політичного впливу. Окреслено межі понять «політичний вплив», «історична пам’ять» та «політика пам’яті». Здійснено порівняння російської та європейської моделей політики пам’яті та встановлено можливі наслідки впровадження кожної з цих моделей в Україні. Проаналізовано процес становлення державної політики пам’яті, а також перспективи і загрози проведення декомунізації в Україні. Відображено динаміку ключових тенденцій процесу формування історичної пам’яті.

В диссертации исследованы особенности развития исторической памяти как фактора политического влияния. Теоретически обосновано, что историческая память может составлять цель или использоваться в качестве средства политического влияния. Очерчены границы понятий «политическое влияние», «историческая память» и «политика памяти». Осуществлено сравнение российской и европейской моделей политики памяти, определены возможные результаты внедрения каждой из этих моделей в Украине. Проанализирован процесс становления государственной политики памяти, в частности, перспективы и угрозы проведения декоммунизации в Украине. Отображена динамика ключевых тенденций процесса формирования исторической памяти.

The thesis investigates the features of historical memory as a factor of political influence. It was theoretically proved, potentiality of historical memory as a goal or a means of political influence. It was defined the ranges of the concepts «political influence», «historical memory» and «politics of memory». The system differences between the categories of «political influence», «power», «political management» and «manipulation» were represented in the context of the theoretical analysis of political influence. It was defined the list of functions of political influence. Their structure corresponds to the general structure of the political system. It was complexly elucidated the differences between the resources and tools of political influence and discovered their characteristics and typology. The sequential stages of the implementation of political influence were allocated and described. The social mechanisms of forming historical memory also investigated in the thesis. Factors contributing to basic transformation process of memory – remembering and forgetting were demonstrated. It was ascertain, historical memory of some community is formed by the cooperation primordial and constructivist factors. In this process the social communications are the main mechanism of conservation, restoration and transfer the contents of memory. A complex characteristic of the politics of memory as a distinct sphere of political management was made. The three groups the politics of memory functions were characterized. It was defined stages of implementation, examples of introduction, foreign and domestic priorities of politics of memory. The role of historical memory in the system of international relations was investigated. It was accented the importance memorial reconciliation and elimination of consequences of past conflicts for establishing effective international dialogue. In this context the experience symbolic memorial atonement of European countries during their entering into the European Union was analyzed. Russian and European politics of memory models was compared. It was argued that implementation in Ukraine the European politics of memory standards contributes to the long term European integration. But it requires forming tolerant inclusive memorial space, which is difficult in the provide conflict with Russia. The key trends in historical memory in Ukraine since independence were investigated. The main attention was paid to the political factors that influenced this process. Such effects as regionalization, ethnization, victimization of historical memory, «memory conflicts» were considered. It was researched examples of using the memory for political purposes. Particularly, it was analyzed the features of using historical rhetoric for the discredit political opponents and promotion of historical characters, focused on the target audience of voters. In the thesis it was investigated the initiatives and measures aimed at forming national identity. It was argued, that was made a radical change in the programs history education as well as forming a pantheon of national heroes and Ukrainian memory space. After institutionalization of the politics of memory these processes were held most intense. Decommunization lids to final rejection of Soviet ideological heritage. The prospects and threats of decommunization in Ukraine were also analyzed.