Якісний та кількісний склад переселенців в Українській РСР в 40–60-ті рр.

Abstract

Стаття присвячена дослідженню якісного та кількісного складу переселенців в УРСР в 40–60-ті рр. ХХ ст. Для аналізу поряд з кількісними показниками обрано чинники, що є визначальними у характеристиці переселенців, а саме: статево-вікова структура, рівень освіченості та соціально-професійний склад, національність. Автор дійшов висновку, що політика переселення сприяла поглибленню диспропорції статей та постарінню населення в місцях виходу. З’ясовано взаємозв’язок між рівнем освіченості переселенців та місцями, в які вони мігрували. Також автором зроблено висновок про застосування політики переселення з метою денаціоналізації суспільства.

This article is devoted to the analyze of the qualitative and quantitative features of immigrants in the USSR in the 40-60's, as they are important for immigrants’ characteristics. The author has investigated such quality characteristics as gender and age structure, education level, professional skills, working experience, wage of the immigrants and nationality. These data with an estimate of migrations make it possible to examine the migration contingent and provide a complete picture of the migration process in the 40-60-ies of XX century. During the research, the author tried to use such integral parts of the scientific method as an objective and systematic analysis, synthesis, method of deduction. The conclusion about the lack of organization and consideration of possible social and demographic consequences has been made. By that time it had done the following changes in the demographic situation. It means the deep differences between the genders, which has manifested in the numerical superiority of women over men, particularly in rural areas. Along with gender imbalance the process of aging population was also been observed, especially in output, as settlers were primarily considered by the state as real and potential workforce, so the majority of young people were enrolled. Also, the author has concluded that the using of migration policy was done with the purpose of denationalization the society as the idea was to educate the soviet citizens and professionals without nationality. It was found the correlation between the level of education of migrants and the places to which they were migrated.