Слов'янознавчі погляди Пантелеймона Куліша

Abstract

Дисертація присвячена комплексному вивченню поглядів і рефлексій Пантелеймона Куліша щодо різних аспектів історії слов’янських народів. Автор з’ясував об’єктивні та суб’єктивні фактори, що впливали на еволюцію ідейного поля мислителя, формування його поглядів на роль слов’янських ідентичностей (мова, історія, культура та релігія) у процесі націогенези. На основі аналізу історичних праць українського мислителя другої половини ХІХ ст. висвітлено його наукове бачення розвитку політичної історії польського, російського народів, ключові характеристики політичної культури та ментальності представників західної та східної гілки слов’ян. Констатовано, що Пантелеймон Куліш чітко відокремлював український, польській та російський народи, наполягав на їхньому гармонійному співіснуванні за умов політичної та національно-культурної рівноправності.

The thesis is based on the study of sources and scientific heritage of Panteleimon Kulish and studied his views and reflections on various aspects of the history of the Slavic people are studied. Historiographic analysis showed that previous studies of Ukrainian scientists dіd not fully represent Kulish’s historical views on various aspects of the past of the Slavic peoples, their genesis of the nation process. Considerable part of the research is devoted to the study of objective and subjective factors that influenced the formation of philosopher’s ideological area. An important place among these factors took family education, support of the early scientific, literary, social and cultural undertakings of the intellectual elite of Dnepr Ukraine, special access to the study of primary sources, foreign scientific assignments and extensive scientific relations. We analyzed the content of works of Ukrainian historian in the thesis and singled out the component of Slavic knowledge. In his scientific heritage Kulish perceived history of nation as a kind of moral and aesthetic system and relations with different ethnical communities were held within it. Historian's views on the role of language, history, culture and religion on the formation of the Slavic peoples were analyzed. Special attention is devoted to the influence of these categories on the Ukrainian people. Kulish considered that language and literature based on it is the basis of formation national and cultural identity.The scientist rejected artificially heroic history, he was interested in the positive experience of the past, which should have been used for nation building. Kulish singled out the influence of the Catholic and Orthodox churches among the factors of political and cultural development of the Slavic peoples. Their organizational principles, dogmas and style of interaction with the community in different ways influenced the national consolidation of Slavic people. The study revealed the Kulish’s perception of political nature of the autocratic Russia, his interpretation of certain historical milestones in the development of the Russian people, described the historian’s views on the essence of Ukrainian-Russian inter-ethnic relations, mutual perception of both East nations. Panteleimon Kulish noted that Russian autocracy pursued a deliberate policy of forming Russian national and imperial identity. Along with the fact that Ukrainian historian of the nineteenth century was arguing Ukrainian nationhood, he didn’t try to destroy the spiritual unity between East nations, which didn’t met in Kievan Rus. The Eastern unity was based on equal cultural development, restored balance of the rights of South (Ukraine) and North Rus (Russia). Highlighted P. Kulish’s views on the development of the political history of the Polish people, singled out the key features of its political culture and mentality. In his works Ukrainian historian explained the reasons for the different national, religious and socio-economical contradictions that led to the decline of the Polish state. Considering the features of the Polish people, thinker consistently proved the fallacy of identifying Poles and Ukrainians, substantiated the national distinctiveness of both Slavic nations and tried to find the ways of understanding the future between the Poles and Ukrainians. The thesis states that many of the ideas and thoughts expressed by Kulish about the political culture, the mentality of the Slavic peoples are still relevant and can be used in projections interstate and international relations.

Диссертация посвящена комплексному изучению взглядов и рефлексий Пантелеймона Кулиша относительно различных аспектов истории славянских народов. Автор выяснил объективные и субъективные факторы, повлиявшие на эволюцию идейного поля мыслителя, формирование его взглядов на роль славянских идентичностей (язык, история, культура и религия) в процессе формирования наций. На основе анализа исторических трудов украинского мыслителя второй половины XIX века раскрыто его научное видение развития политической истории польского, русского народов, ключевые характеристики политической культуры и ментальности представителей западной и восточной ветви славян. Констатировано, что Пантелеймон Кулиш четко отделял украинский, польский и российский народы, настаивал на их гармоничном сосуществовании в условиях политического и национально-культурного равноправия.