У дисертації на основі архівних джерел комплексно та системно розглянуто особливості формування та діяльності системи єврейських громадських об’єднань в Україні другої половини ХІХ – першої третини ХХ ст. Детально проаналізовано організаційний розвиток єврейських громадських об’єднань в соціально-політичній та культурно-релігійній сферах, визначено їх вплив на розвиток єврейської громади України. Простежується еволюція основних форм державно-владного впливу на єврейську громадську ініціативу в різні історичні періоди, які мали вкрай негативне значення для функціонування єврейських громадських організацій, добровільних товариств та спілок.
У дисертації аналізуються особливості здійснення компартійними органами державно-владного впливу на єврейський громадський рух у 1920-ті роки. Визначено форми і методи використання потенціалу єврейських прокомуністичних громадських організацій з метою комунізації єврейського етносу України.
In dissertation on the basis of the archived sources complex and the features of forming and activity of the system of the Jewish public associations in Ukraine of the second half of ХІХ - first third of ХХ century are systemly considered. In details organizational development of the Jewish public associations is shown in socio-political and in a civilized manner-religious sphere, their influence on Jewish society development of Ukraine is certain. The evolution of basic forms of state-imperious influence on Jewish public initiative in different historical periods is traced, that had an extremely negative value for functioning of Jewish public organizations, voluntarily societies and unions.
In work the wide stock of archived materials about socio-economic position, political rights, cultural-and-religious position of the Ukrainian earth Jewish population in the Russian empire in ХІХ century is considered. It is certain, that the Russian imperial government pursued a brightly expressed anti-Semitic policy in relation to jewries, directed to their gradual assimilation, elimination of language, culture, religion. The consequences of social and political transformations of the second half of ХІХ century had ponderable influence on economic position of Jewries. They considerably worsened position of Jewries of the Jewish pale and induced them to creation of their own system of public associations that had in every way to assist society in the decision of urgent problems and to represent the Jewries interests in relationships with Russian imperial bureaucracy.
The structure of totality of Jewish public organizations that carried out the activity on territory of Ukraine is differentiated here. On the basis of the documents first entered in scientific turnover the historical circumstances of appearance of Jewish antipogrom motion directed to overcoming the consequences of massacres at the end of ХІХ beginning of ХХ century are examined. In dissertation, Jewish public-and-cultural, educational, medical-and-rehabilitation establishments forming is traced, and also the measure of their dependence on politics of Russian imperial and Communist-Bolsheviks’ organs is certain.
In dissertation the features of realization by Communist Party organs of state-imperious influence on Jewish public motion in 1920-th are analyzed. Forms and methods to use the potential of Jewish pro-Communists public organizations are certain with the aim of communication of the Ukraine Jewish ethnos. Activity of the pro-Communists Jewish public associations, in opinion of author, allowed to the Communist Party organs to liquidate Zionist organizations gradually, creating the illusion of the new mode democratic character among Jewries. In addition Party funkcioners succeeded, propagandizing new socio-economic transformations among the Jewish diaspora, to use the financial resources of the oversea Jewish philanthropists. An author underlines that pro-Communists Jewish organizations fully depended on will of party guidance, that determined forms and methods of work, set requirements to membership mass, determined the order of financing and distributing of money.
