Стаття присвячена проблемі формування синдрому госпіталізму в дітей раннього віку з ДЦП, що виникає внаслідок тривалої розлуки з найближчими людьми, які їх доглядають. Причини виникнення госпіталізму в дітей раннього віку з ДЦП пов’язані з втратою емоційних зв’язків з матір’ю внаслідок тривалого лікування в медичних закладах; з умовами виховання в соціально неблагополучних сім’ях; з розміщенням в дитячих будинках. Емпірично досліджено стан нервово-психічного розвитку дітей раннього віку з ДЦП, доведено, що в дітей, які виховуються в сім’ї, порушені емоційна та моторна сфери розвитку. У дітей з ДЦП, які проживають в інтернатах, виявлено більше порушень, що вказують на синдром госпіталізму (відставання в моторному, мовленнєвому, емоційному розвитку, у соціальній взаємодії). Доведено обумовленість відставання в нервово-психічному розвитку у дітей з ДЦП умовами їх проживання і сімейного виховання.
The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of hospitalism syndrome in young children with cerebral palsy, which arises as a result of long-term separation from the mother or loved ones, who care for and raise these children. The problem of hospitalism in young children with cerebral palsy is studied by G. Bevz, N. Dmitriyuk, I. Manokhina, who indicate that hospitalism is manifested in the deterioration of the child's health, when separated from the mother, in the lack of sensory stimulation, and dissatisfaction with basic needs for care, emotional communication. N. Bocharina, N. Dmytriyuk, J. Langmeyer,
Z. Mateychek, I. Mamaychuk and others develop the principles of psychological and pedagogical support of young children with cerebral palsy with the syndrome of hospitalism. The aim of the article is to empirically investigate and analyze the features of the formation of hospitalism syndrome in young children with cerebral palsy, depending on the conditions of their family upbringing. The causes of hospitalism syndrome in young children with cerebral palsy are identified: 1) refusal of mothers and placement of children with cerebral palsy in orphanages, where they do not receive proper care and develop in conditions of motor, sensory, emotional deprivation; 2) loss of emotional ties with the mother due to long-term treatment in medical institutions; 3) lack of care and emotional attitude to the child with cerebral palsy on the part of the mother in the conditions of upbringing in socially disadvantaged families. The state of neuropsychological development of young children with cerebral palsy, who are brought up in families and live in boarding schools, has been empirically studied. It has been proven, that children with cerebral palsy who are brought up in a family, have the most impaired emotional and motor areas of neuropsychological development. Young children with cerebral palsy living in boarding schools have a lag in motor and speech, emotional development, and social interaction. This indicates a greater number of symptoms of impaired neuropsychological development and the presence of hospitalism syndrome in children with cerebral palsy living in boarding schools. The results of the study proved the positive impact of family upbringing and living of children with cerebral palsy in the family on their neuropsychological development. Psychological and pedagogical support of young children with cerebral palsy should be carried out with a higher intensification of motor-speech and social-communicative areas of development and taking into account the conditions of their family upbringing.
