Концептуальна модель інституцйних передумов демократизації політичної системи України

Abstract

У дисертації представлено авторську концепцію інституційних передумов демократизації політичної системи України. Сформульовано визначення інституційних передумов демократизації як сукупності суб’єктивних та об’єктивних, конструктивних і деструктивних чинників, що зумовлюють ефективність політичних інститутів. Доведено, що наявність сприятливих передумов спрямовано на забезпечення зрілості інституціонального середовища (конгруентності норм та цінностей, легітимності правил, легальності процедур), структурної стійкості, рівноваги політичних організацій, конструктивних взаємозв’язків та симетричних комунікацій між ними, інституційної ефективності, що досягається паритетом інституціоналізованих конвенційних прямих і представницьких форм демократії.

В диссертации представлена авторская концепция институциональных предпосылок демократизации политической системы Украины. Сформулировано определение институциональных предпосылок демократизации как совокупности субъективных и объективных, конструктивных и деструктивных факторов, обусловливающих эффективность политических институтов. Доказано, что наличие благоприятных предпосылок направлено на обеспечение зрелости институциональной среды (конгруэнтности норм и ценностей, легитимности правил, легальности процедур), структурной устойчивости, равновесия политических организаций, конструктивных взаимосвязей и симметричных коммуникаций между ними, институциональной эффективности, которая достигается паритетом институционализированных конвенционных прямых и представительных форм демократии.

The thesis presents the author’s concept of institutional preconditions for democratization of the political system in Ukraine, the integrity of which is determined by: 1) specifying the conceptual research apparatus (democratization, political institution, institutional preconditions for democratization, political system) and defining interrelations among these concepts; 2) substantiating the concept of development of democracy by institutionalizing democratic rules enforced to transform the political system; 3) specifying the institutional dynamics theory to ensure stability of a democratic political system and adaptation to external circumstances; 4) defining the peculiarities of the institutional mechanisms for practical implementation of the democratic principles as functional determinants of the modern political system; 5) outlining the main tendencies of the systematic influence of institutional preconditions on the democratization processes in Ukraine. The definition of institutional preconditions for democratization has been substantiated as a complex of subjective and objective, constructive and destructive factors that determine the performance quality of political institutions. It has been proved that the availability of favorable conditions is aimed at ensuring the maturity of the institutional environment (congruence of norms and values, legitimacy of rules, legality of procedures), structural stability, balance among political organizations, constructive relationships and symmetrical communications between them and institutional efficiency achieved by parity of institutionalized conventional lines and representative forms of democracy. It has been proved that a political institution plays a leading role in a democratic political system, establishing standardized and generally accepted procedures for various political interactions, including struggles for power, conflict resolution, elite recruitment, articulation of interests and requirements, which allows stability in conditions of adaptation to the challenges of the global environment and self-improvement without radical and discrete changes in the structural and functional characteristics of the political system. Therefore, defining the institutional preconditions for democratization is a priority both for political science and for practical reform in Ukraine. Comprehension of structural components of institutional preconditions for democratization of the political system has been systematized, including environmental, regulatory and value determinants of formation of democratic rules, dynamic, stabilizing and isomorphic factors of organizational structure of political institutions, direct and representative tools for implementing the principles of democracy. The author has carried out a profound research and revealed the essence of the criteria of institutional maturity (legality, legitimacy, congruence, impersonality, validity, consensus), institutional balance (complementarity, cumulativeness, inertness, pluralism, competitiveness, transparency, impartiality), institutional efficiency (professionalism, specialization, responsibility, conventionality, institutionalization, limitation, alternativeness) that ensure democracy in political institutions, their functionality and interaction. A comprehensive assessment has been carried out applying the above mentioned criteria to define the efficiency of preconditions for democratization of the political system in Ukraine. The controversial aspects in the establishment of institutional preconditions for democratization in Ukraine have been highlighted and the prospects for further evolution of the hybrid political system have been outlined. In this context, the research into the hybridity of the political regime has been conducted more thoroughly to enable its comprehension in a broad sense involving such manifestations as entropy of external and internal motivation to obey the rules, cyclical balancing between authoritarianism and democracy with a gradual increase in the amplitude of deviation from the state of hybridity, disproportion in the distribution of powers, destructive interaction of formal and informal procedures. The recommendations have been outlined to improve the efficiency of the democratic political system in the crisis of its classical institutions in the world and hybridization of the political regime in Ukraine. It has been substantiated that there is a necessity to purposefully stimulate the establishing, supporting and activating institutional preconditions for democratization of the political system on the basis of appropriate strategies for optimization of communicative and organizational interrelations in order to overcome contradictions between the legal norms and public values, imbalance and destructiveness of organizational interaction, leveling influence of informal practices.