Фізичне виховання в школах Сполучених Штатів Америки на сучасному етапі

Abstract

У статті розглянуті проблеми розвитку фізичного виховання в США. Фізичне виховання є обов’язковою складовою системи шкільної освіти США. Воно реалізується у формі уроків, індивідуальних занять фізкультурою та спортом в позаурочний час (спортивні секції, рекреаційні заняття, змагання та ін.). Організація і зміст процесу фізичного виховання в школах залежить від законодавства штатів, вчителів фізичної культури, керівництва шкіл, спортивної інфраструктури, а також інтересів учнів.

The article reviewed problems of development of school physical education in the United States. Physical education is a compulsory part of the school system in the country. Organization and is realized in the form of lessons, off-hour individual lessons per hour (sports clubs, recreational activities, competitions, etc.). Organization and content of physical education process depends on the legal system of individual states, physical education teachers, heads of schools, sports infrastructure, as well as interests of the students. All school programs must be tailored to the national standard of education. Traditionally, the program for each class includes a number of sports disciplines (mostly sports), dancing, hygiene and theoretical subjects with physical training; it also depends on the maintenance of sports facilities and schools of theoretical and methodological training of teachers of the subject. In drawing up the program of physical training is recommended to consider the following factors: National Standards for physical education in school; the basic provisions of the regional policy of the state in the field of school education, including the development of physical culture and sports; socio-cultural, ethnic and regional differences; material sporting facilities (gym, pool, playgrounds, etc.), existing athletic facilities and equipment in schools; level of physical fitness of students, their needs and interests of different types of exercise and sports; sports specialization Physical Education Teacher, which largely determines its readiness for use of certain sports. Positive factors include personal tasks are closely linked to physical education lessons. For students such factors are well-being, the desire to get rid excess weight, relax, achieve harmonious constitution and others. Negative factors include: low motivation, laziness, lack of sports inventory, sports grounds, swimming pools and more. The feature of physical education in American schools is that each state for schools develop their curricula. Based on the number of physical education lessons in different types of schools and classes smears have their differences.