Граматичні та синтаксичні особливості українського просторіччя

Abstract

У статті проведено комплексний аналіз українського просторіччя на граматичному та синтаксичному рівнях. Зазначено, що українське просторіччя на рівні морфології виявляє особливості у використанні як граматичних категорій, так і словозмінних парадигм загальнонаціональної мови. Серед синтаксичних особливостей просторіччя виділено відхилення від літературної норми в синтаксичному керуванні та в координації між присудком і підметом.

Introduction. Research on the structure, peculiarities of the functioning and development of the national Ukrainian language should equally cover all its structural-functional varieties, namely: literary language, territorial dialects, social and professional jargon and vernacular. Vernacular is a layer of universal spoken language, which, on the one hand, is not territorially or socially limited, and on the other hand, is not part of the normative language. The spat ial morphological forms should be outlined in the separation from both dialectal and spoken -literary forms, which are not always simple and unambiguous Purpose. To conduct a multi-dimensional and complex analysis of the Ukrainian proverbs on the grammatica l and syntactic levels; to distinguish spatial morphological forms from dialects and from spoken -literary forms; determine the criteria for distinguishing between the spatial and dialectal elements, as well as the spatial and spoken literary morphologi cal forms. Methods. Methods of empirical research (observation, comparison) are used, general methods are used both on the empirical and theoretical level of research (abstraction and concretization, analysis, synthesis, induction); special method, namely morphological analysis. Results. The article analyzes the functioning and development of the national spoken language; vernacular morphological forms are separated from dialect and colloquially literary. A multidimensional and complex analysis of Ukrainian ve rnacular at the grammatical and syntactic levels has been carried out. It is noted that the Ukrainian common language at the level of morphology reveals features in the use of both grammatical categories and inflectional paradigms of the national language, namely: non-normative forms of the gender and number of certain nouns, verbal forms of inclined and conjugated parts of speech and the like. Among the vernacular generic forms, the feminine forms of nouns are highlighted, which in the Ukrainian literary language correspond to the masculine forms. The non-normative forms of the nominative, genitive, dative, instrumental cases of nouns are revealed. It has been found that distinctly colloquial stylistic status has deviations from literary norms in the formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives. Originality. The vernacular morphological forms are distinguished from dialects and spoken -literary forms, with spoken vocabulary isolated spatial words. A multi-dimensional and complex analysis of the Ukrainian vernacular on the grammatical and syntactic levels was conducted. The non-normative forms of nouns, interchangeable forms of discarded and validated parts of the language are analyzed. Conclusion. Vernacular is one of the structural-functional uncorrected varieties of the universal language, which is not limited to territorial or narrow-social terms, such as dialects and jargons, with which they are opposed to the literary language and its colloquial style. The spatial morphological forms of the Ukrainian language are sharply opposed to the morphological norms of the Ukrainian literary language, showing a commonality with certain forms of Ukrainian dialects or adjacent languages.