"Золота доба" іспанської музики

Abstract

Висвітлюється найвищий етап розвитку іспанського інструментального мистецтва, який отримав назву "золотого сторіччя". У цей період розквітла майстерність віуелістів та органістів. Іспанія – одна з перших європейських країн, де почалося теоретичне осмислення виконавської практики: віртуозна школа гри на клавішних була сильна, знана і відома. Розглядається діяльність композиторів-органістів Х. Бермудо і А. Кабесона.

Spanish musical culture has risen to a special height in the XV-XVI centuries. The marriage of the "Catholic kings" Isabella and Ferdinand completed the uniting of the Spanish lands. At that time musical art was well developing: Isabella, who liked music, gave this love to her children who ruled the country after her. Famous musicians were working by the court so well that historians called this era "golden age" of Spanish music. The art of viuela (spanish version of the Italian lute) was developing, the works for viuela became the basis of the repertoire for the harpsichord and the clavichord. The pieces for viuela were being transposed and complicated for the clavier - up to the complete abandonment of the original source. Organ art develops, its famous artists are known in Spain and abroad – the great musicians of Renaissance Antonio de Cabesón and Juan Bermudo. The basis of the organ repertoire was created. It had a specific genre system and special stylistic features. The Variations by Cabeson, one of the first peaks of the genre, influenced British Virginiatists Thomas Tallis and William Byrd. In Spain in the XVI century the theoretical understanding of the performing practice began: Bermuda's treatise in five books "Declaración de instrumentos musicales". The Spanish virtuoso school of playing on keyboards (organ, harpsichord, keyboard) was strong, known and famous in Europe and in the New World, it became the basis of compositional mastery of musicians of Latin America.