В статті надано характеристику імунного статусу висококваліфікованих спортсменів та спортсменів з осередками хронічної інфекції в носоглотці поза фазою загострення в підготовчому періоді. З метою попередження зриву адаптаційних механізмів, своєчасній корекції імунологічних зрушень і оптимізації тренувального процесу необхідно досліджувати рівень IgА, IgМ, В-лімфоцитів, CD4+, СD8+, СD16+ у висококваліфікованих спортсменів.
В статье представлена характеристика иммунного статуса высококвалифицированных спортсменов и спортсменов с очагами хронической инфекции в носоглотке вне фазы обострения в подготовительном периоде. С целью предупреждения срыва адаптационных механизмов, своевременной коррекции иммунологических сдвигов и оптимизации тренировочного процесса необходимо исследовать уровень IgА, IgМ, В-лимфоцитов, CD4+, СD8+, СD16+ у высококвалифицированных спортсменов.
The article presents the characteristics of immune status the elite athletes and elite athletes with centers of a chronic infection in the nasopharynx without acute phase. The study involved 55 elite sportsmen aged between 15 to 24 years old, engaged in swimming and cycling. The examination included clinical and laboratory (levels of immunoglobulins (A, M, G, E), В - and Т –lymphocytes and their subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, CD16+), level of the proinflammatory interleukins (IL-1, 2, 6, 8), tumor necrosis factor-α, and the level of antiinflammatory interleukins (IL-4, 10)) part. All athletes involved in sports 5 years and more, and the training load carried out in full.Centers of a chronic infection in the nasopharynx were found at 12 athletes (21.8%), high infection index were at 8 athletes (14.5%). Activation of humoral immunity is absent in elite athletes (normal levels IgM, IgG, reduced level IgA and normal level of circulating immune complexes), but there are disimmunoglobulinemiya due to increased IgЄ and violation of the relation of immunoregulatory subpopulations T-lymphocytes (index of immune regulation (CD4+/CD8+) increased in 1.3 times). This can be considered as an indicator of tendency to depression of immunity in connection with long-term significant physical exertion. Availability of centers of a chronic infection in the nasopharynx is a predisposing factor for the development of immune disorders in athletes. The more expressed depression of humoral immunity discovered at elite athletes with centers of a chronic infection (reduced levets IgA, IgM, B-lymphocytes with disimmunoglobulinemiya). They have saved violation of the immunoregulatory T-cell populations relation, but increased levels of natural killer cells (CD16+). Violation of ratio of immunoregulatory populations T cells is preserved, but levels of natural killer cells (CD16+) increased. The prospect of further research is the study of the immunological status of athletes with tension of adaptation mechanisms in order to prevent disruption of the adaptation mechanisms, optimization of the training process and timely correction of immunological shifts.
