Принципи правозахисної діяльності: доктринальний підхід

Abstract

У статті досліджено теоретико-правові засади розвитку принципів правозахисної діяльності у процесі формування правової держави і громадянського суспільства в Україні, а також розглянуто їх поняття, ознаки та види.

В статье исследованы теоретико-правовые основы развития принципов правозащитной деятельности в условиях формирования правового государства и гражданского общества в Украине, а также рассмотрены их понятие, признаки и виды.

Investigating the principles of human rights activities, the author notes that they have the same characteristics as the principles of law, namely: normativity; formal certainty; designation; binding, universality; complexity; equivalence; stability; interconnection and interaction of the principles of human rights protection. On the basis of the considered features, the researcher, in accordance with the principles of human rights, understands the objective ideas inherent in this activity, the indisputable requirements of the relevant subjects, and which express the most important laws in the field of human rights relations and differ in versatility, imperativeness and stability. The author substantiates and selects the classification of the principles of human rights activities, which are divided into two groups: 1) general: determined by the level of development of society, which is the result of the achievement of mankind. These include the principles of humanism, democracy, social justice, equality of all before the law; 2) special: a kind of coordinate system within which human rights activities are carried out. This group of principles includes: the rule of law; the principle of legality; the principle of transparency; the principle of joint activity of state authorities of Ukraine with local self-government bodies, associations of citizens and the population; the principle of independence; the principle of professionalism and competence. In addition to this classification, the principles of human rights work are divided according to the sphere of action on the international (main ideas, enshrined in international legal norms) and national (they are enshrined in the norms of the current legislation of the individual state). In the structure of law, the principles of human rights activities are divided into types: 1) material and procedural; 2) public and private; 3) objective and subjective. In general, the purpose of the principles of human rights protection is due to the fact that they: 1) establish the basis for the implementation of human rights activities in society; 2) direct the development and functioning of the human rights system; 3) influence social relations through the mechanism of legal regulation; 4) form in the justice of citizens the respect for the right; 5) serve as an important criterion for the legality of actions of human rights activists.