Методичні особливості відбору юних легкоатлетів на базових етапах спортивної підготовки

Abstract

Визначено, що запобіганням невідповідності тренувальних навантажень стану підготовленості юних спортсменів, можуть стати механізми відбору від етапу до етапу спортивної підготовки, Здійснено аналіз стану розвитку фізичних здібностей легкоатлетів-метальників списа, ядра та диска 9-10 та 11-12 років. Розроблена оцінка фізичної підготовленості юних легкоатлетів, дозволяє здійснювати відбір на попередній та спеціалізований базові етапи багаторічного удосконалення.

It is determined, over the past two decades, the main attention of scientists has been focused on the peculiarities of selection of athletes of high qualification, provides a problem of methodological support for the selection of athletes at the initial stages of longterm improvement. Analysis of the development of the physical abilities of athletes, javelin throwers, nucleus and disk 9-10 and 11-12 years, showed the presence of dynamic features of physical fitness, which are extremely positive, and the changes are characterized by statistical reliability at 0.001. An exception is an indicator reflecting the muscular feeling of young athletes, but in this case an increase of 10.9% was recorded. So, from the previous one to the specialized base stage, the highest increase among the results of determining the state of development of general physical abilities is the mountain jump rate, which characterizes the speed-strength abilities of boys, and the corresponding volume is 26.3%. Next on the intensity of development is the dynamometer index, the results of which increase by 24.1%. At 22.8 and 17.5%, the results are improved, respectively, the torso of the trunk forward and the jump in length from the place, and the number of motor cycles during the flexion and extension of the arms in the lumbar support increases by 15.7%. The speed of implementation of the 60-meter distance increases by 13.7%, running at 300 m and 4 x 9 m is reduced in both cases by 9.8%. The slightest changes are determined by the results of running at 1000 m - 5.8%, which reflects the ignoring in the training process of young track and field athletes throwing means aimed at strengthening the aerobic mechanism for power supply to motor activity. The estimation of physical readiness of athletes 9-10 and 11-12 years is developed, allows to carry out selection on the previous and specialized base stages of long-term improvement. Promotes the introduction of a differentiated approach to the training process of young throwers, which as a whole can improve the management of sports training and avoid unilateral technical and functional preparedness of boys in the period of active biological and mental development.