Оцінка рівня фізичної підготовленості дітей дошкільного віку

Abstract

У роботі здійснена оцінка рівня фізичної підготовленості дітей дошкільного віку. Усього у дослідженні взяли участь 1188 дітей дошкільного віку, серед них 418 дітей (216 хлопчиків, 202 дівчаток) 4-ий рік життя (3–4 роки), 350 – (180 хлопчиків, 170 дівчаток) 5-ий рік життя (4–5 років) та 420 – (211 хлопчиків, 209 дівчаток) 6-ий рік життя (5–6 років). Встановлено, що обстежувана вибірка дітей характеризується поступовим поліпшенням із віком за всіма показниками фізичної підготовленості. Отримані результати свідчать про інтенсивний і гетерохронний розвиток рухових якостей дітей в процесі онтогенезу. Загальний стан фізичної підготовленості більшості обстежених дітей свідчить про її задовільний рівень і відповідає віковій нормі.

Formation, preservation, strengthening and renewal of the young generation's health, the securing of his life - one of the main tasks of the state. First of all, it is actualized at the level of pre-school education, since the negative ecological state of the environment, the inadequate effectiveness of the health care system, and the decrease in the living standard of most families provoke the deterioration of the health of children from the very moment of their birth. At the present stage, a significant number of children of preschool age have insufficient level of physical preparedness and motor activity. That is why one of the most important tasks of physical education in pre-school educational institutions is the development of motor qualities, which is an important characteristic of children's health. The urgency of the study is determined by the need to study the peculiarities of physical preparedness, which is an important basis for the substantiation of the direction of physical education in pre-school educational institutions. The paper assesses the level of physical preparedness of children of preschool age. In total, 1,188 children of preschool age took part in the study, including 418 children (216 boys, 202 girls), 4th year of life (3-4 years), 350 (180 boys, 170 girls), 5th year of life (4- 5 years old) and 420 – (211 boys, 209 girls) 6th year of life (5-6 years). Physical fitness of subjects was determined by the results of educational testing, which makes it possible to determine the level of manifestation of basic motor skills: strength (dynamometry hands), explosive power (medicine ball throw distance, height jump up from their seats), speed-power (squat for 10 seconds), flexibility (torso forward from a sitting position), agility (throw a tennis ball in a horizontal target, keeping balance while standing on the fingers of the feet, coordination – clapped his hands over his head and under foot), speed (frequency movements in the race for the city for 10 s, time motor reaction in catching line of, the speed of local traffic in the discus plastic tennis ball), strength endurance (keeping legs raised in the supine position), fine motor skills (drawing a box with buttons for 10 seconds). It was established that the sample of children surveyed is characterized by a gradual improvement with age in all indicators of physical fitness. The obtained results testify to intensive and heterochronous development of motor qualities of children in the process of ontogenesis. The general condition of physical fitness of the majority of examined children indicates its satisfactory level and corresponds to the age norm.