«Такой слабый мотылек в огромном чужом мире!» : Галина Кузнецова на маргинесах женской и литературной судьбы

Abstract

У статті на прикладі жіночої та літературної долі представниці молодого покоління російських письменників-емігрантів розглядаються теоретичні та практичні аспекти проблеми маргінальності в літературі, яка в умовах еміграції проявляється з найбільшою повнотою. Акцентується увага на тому, що маргінальність не була свідомо обраною життєвою та літературною стратегією письменниці, а обумовлювалась психологічними особливостями особистості Г. Кузнєцової та соціально-історичними і культурними умовами епохи, що проявилось в її долі у вигляді екстралітературної та інтралітературної маргінальності.

By the reason of deep socio-political transformations, occurring in the modern society, the problem of marginality takes the place of one of the most widely spoken problems in the space of humanitarian sciences. Ambiguity of the connotation of this definition, complexity and inhomogeneity of the phenomenon of marginality causes its consideration on the distinct biographical and artistic sample. The article’s purpose is to analyze the life and creative destiny of the known, but until nowadays not well-studied writer of the Russian Émigré literature Galina Kuznetsova as a bright embodiment of complex phenomenon of marginality in the first wave of Russian emigration culture. Analyze has shown that the conditions under which the emigration was proceeding have in natural way formed marginality especially of creative personality, who turns to be on the cross of the cultural context. G. Kuznetsova was found on the sideway of All-Russian as well as European literary process and at the same time she was found on the borderland of «two worlds». In her destiny we can see all marginalization’s possible levels: she belonged to the young, female, emigrant literature. But G. Kuznetsova’s marginal position significantly aggravated by her unique situation of cohabitation with great I. Bunin, whose mastership lessons she soaked up and simultaneously suffered because of the lack of freedom for her personality. Her intermediate place in the writer’s family has spread on her place in the literature. She hasn’t entered into the emigrant literary canon as well as she hasn’t united with literary circles of young generation of Russian or French writers. However, the biggest attention is paid to marginality that was not consciously chosen by the writer as life and literary strategy, and is explained by G. Kuznetsova’s psychic features and socially-historical and cultural circumstances, which has embodied in her destiny as extraliterary and intraliterary marginality. G. Kuznetsova’s life and artistic pathway was first complexly observed as bright demonstration of phenomenon of marginality in the Russian Émigré literature. Although, Kuznetsova stood on the secondary positions in the emigrant literature, she, like other Russian writers, was making established literary canon of Russian Emigre unstable, unfinished, dynamic, showing not as much its ideological as aesthetic nature, which is sensitive to real art phenomenonа. Everything said above doesn’t entirely deplete the problem of G. Kuznetsova’s destiny’s marginality, whose creation inclines to its future deep exploring.